Electron micrograph of papillomavirus, scale bar 70 nm
Virus classification
(unranked):
Virus
Realm:
Monodnaviria
Kingdom:
Shotokuvirae
Phylum:
Cossaviricota
Class:
Papovaviricetes
Order:
Zurhausenvirales
Family:
Papillomaviridae
Subfamilies and genera
Firstpapillomavirinae
Alphapapillomavirus
Betapapillomavirus
Gammapapillomavirus
Deltapapillomavirus
Epsilonpapillomavirus
Zetapapillomavirus
Etapapillomavirus
Thetapapillomavirus
Iotapapillomavirus
Kappapapillomavirus
Lambdapapillomavirus
Mupapillomavirus
Nupapillomavirus
Xipapillomavirus
Omikronpapillomavirus
Pipapillomavirus
Rhopapillomavirus
Sigmapapillomavirus
Taupapillomavirus
Upsilonpapillomavirus
Phipapillomavirus
Chipapillomavirus
Psipapillomavirus
Omegapapillomavirus
Dyodeltapapillomavirus
Dyoepsilonpapillomavirus
Dyozetapapillomavirus
Dyoetapapillomavirus
Dyothetapapillomavirus
Dyoiotapapillomavirus
Dyokappapapillomavirus
Dyolambdapapillomavirus
Dyomupapillomavirus
Dyonupapillomavirus
Dyoxipapillomavirus
Dyoomikronpapillomavirus
Dyopipapillomavirus
Dyorhopapillomavirus
Dyosigmapapillomavirus
Dyotaupapillomavirus
Dyoupsilonpapillomavirus
Dyophipapillomavirus
Dyochipapillomavirus
Dyopsipapillomavirus
Dyoomegapapillomavirus
Treisdeltapapillomavirus
Treisepsilonpapillomavirus
Treiszetapapillomavirus
Treisetapapillomavirus
Treisthetapapillomavirus
Treisiotapapillomavirus
Treiskappapapillomavirus
Secondpapillomavirinae
Alefpapillomavirus
Papillomaviridae is a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses whose members are known as papillomaviruses.[1] Several hundred species of papillomaviruses, traditionally referred to as "types",[2] have been identified infecting all carefully inspected mammals,[2] but also other vertebrates such as birds, snakes, turtles and fish.[3][4][5] Infection by most papillomavirus types, depending on the type, is either asymptomatic (e.g. most Beta-PVs) or causes small benign tumors, known as papillomas or warts (e.g. human papillomavirus 1, HPV6 or HPV11). Papillomas caused by some types, however, such as human papillomaviruses 16 and 18, carry a risk of becoming cancerous.[6]
Papillomaviruses are usually considered as highly host- and tissue-tropic, and are thought to rarely be transmitted between species.[7] Papillomaviruses replicate exclusively in the basal layer of the body surface tissues. All known papillomavirus types infect a particular body surface,[2] typically the skin or mucosal epithelium of the genitals, anus, mouth, or airways.[8] For example, human papillomavirus (HPV) type 1 tends to infect the soles of the feet, and HPV type 2 the palms of the hands, where they may cause warts. Additionally, there are descriptions of the presence of papillomavirus DNA in the blood and in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Papillomaviruses were first identified in the early 20th century, when it was shown that skin warts, or papillomas, could be transmitted between individuals by a filterable infectious agent. In 1935 Francis Peyton Rous, who had previously demonstrated the existence of a cancer-causing sarcoma virus in chickens, went on to show that a papillomavirus could cause skin cancer in infected rabbits. This was the first demonstration that a virus could cause cancer in mammals.
^ abcde Villiers EM, Fauquet C, Broker TR, Bernard HU, zur Hausen H (June 2004). "Classification of papillomaviruses". Virology. 324 (1): 17–27. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2004.03.033. PMID 15183049.
^Herbst LH, Lenz J, Van Doorslaer K, Chen Z, Stacy BA, Wellehan JF, Manire CA, Burk RD (January 2009). "Genomic characterization of two novel reptilian papillomaviruses, Chelonia mydas papillomavirus 1 and Caretta caretta papillomavirus 1". Virology. 383 (1): 131–5. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2008.09.022. PMID 18973915.
^Drury SE, Gough RE, McArthur S, Jessop M (December 1998). "Detection of herpesvirus-like and papillomavirus-like particles associated with diseases of tortoises". The Veterinary Record. 143 (23): 639. PMID 9881444.
^Lange CE, Favrot C, Ackermann M, Gull J, Vetsch E, Tobler K (September 2011). "Novel snake papillomavirus does not cluster with other non-mammalian papillomaviruses". Virology Journal. 8: 436. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-8-436. PMC 3179961. PMID 21910860.
^Muñoz N, Castellsagué X, de González AB, Gissmann L (August 2006). "Chapter 1: HPV in the etiology of human cancer". Vaccine. 24 Suppl 3 (3): S3/1–10. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.115. PMID 16949995.
^Mistry N, Wibom C, Evander M (October 2008). "Cutaneous and mucosal human papillomaviruses differ in net surface charge, potential impact on tropism". Virology Journal. 5: 118. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-5-118. PMC 2571092. PMID 18854037.
^Doorbar J (March 2005). "The papillomavirus life cycle". Journal of Clinical Virology. 32 (Suppl 1): S7–15. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2004.12.006. PMID 15753007.
Papillomaviridae is a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses whose members are known as papillomaviruses. Several hundred species of papillomaviruses, traditionally...
Double-stranded DNA families: three are non-enveloped (Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae) and two are enveloped (Herpesviridae and Poxviridae)...
family, Papovaviridae, which was split in 1999 into the two families Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae. The class was established in 2019 and takes its...
a risk factor for laryngeal cancers. Infections by some strains of Papillomaviridae carry some risk of laryngeal carcinoma. People with a history of head...
Betapapillomavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Papillomaviridae. Human serve as natural hosts. There are six species in this genus. Diseases associated...
paraphyletic group of DNA viruses of the subfamily Firstpapillomavirinae of Papillomaviridae that are common in cattle. All BPVs have a circular double-stranded...
papillomavirus infection (HPV infection) is caused by a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family. Many HPV infections cause no symptoms and 90% resolve spontaneously...
Alphapapillomavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Papillomaviridae. Humans and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus...
Gammapapillomavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Papillomaviridae. Human serve as their natural hosts. There are 27 species in this genus. Diseases...
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