The Palmyrene Empire was a short-lived breakaway state from the Roman Empire resulting from the Crisis of the Third Century. Named after its capital city, Palmyra, it encompassed the Roman provinces of Syria Palaestina, Arabia Petraea, and Egypt, as well as large parts of Asia Minor.
The Palmyrene Empire was ruled by Queen Zenobia, officially as regent for her son Vaballathus, who inherited the throne in 267 at age ten. In 270, Zenobia rapidly conquered most of the Roman east, attempting to maintain relations with Rome as a legitimate power. In 271, she claimed the imperial title for both herself and her son, fighting a short war with the Roman emperor Aurelian, who conquered Palmyra and captured Zenobia. A year later the Palmyrenes rebelled, which led Aurelian to raze Palmyra.
Despite its brief existence, the Palmyrene Empire is remembered for having been ruled by one of the most ambitious and powerful women in antiquity. It is also hailed in Syria, where it plays an important role as an icon in Syrian nationalism.
^Vagi, David L. (2000). Coinage and History of the Roman Empire, C. 82 B.C.--A.D. 480: History. Taylor & Francis. p. 398. ISBN 978-1-57958-316-3.
^Koester, Helmut (2012). History and Literature of Early Christianity. Walter de Gruyter. p. 225. ISBN 9783110812657.
^Delia, Diana (1988). "The Population of Roman Alexandria". Transactions of the American Philological Association. 118: 275–292. doi:10.2307/284172. JSTOR 284172.
^"Rise and fall of Palmyra, Syria". Bulletin of the Department of Geography of University of Tokyo. 27: 9. 1995.
^ abcTrevor Bryce (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. OUP Oxford. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-19-964667-8.
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The PalmyreneEmpire was a short-lived breakaway state from the Roman Empire resulting from the Crisis of the Third Century. Named after its capital city...
different empires before becoming a subject of the Roman Empire in the first century AD. The city grew wealthy from trade caravans; the Palmyrenes became...
Aurelian, ending the PalmyreneEmpire. Use of the Palmyrene language and script declined, being replaced with Greek and Latin. The Palmyrene alphabet was derived...
domain was de facto independent and has come to be referred to as the PalmyreneEmpire. The governors in Pannonia staged unsuccessful local revolts. The Emperor...
Sasanian Empire, although the Euphrates route was only partially disrupted. Zenobia's personal ambition and political motivation to establish Palmyrene dominance...
Vaballathus depicted as king, while the emperor allowed the Palmyrene coinage and conferred the Palmyrene royal titles. However, toward the end of 271, Vaballathus...
(180–192). In the 3rd century, the Empire underwent a crisis that threatened its existence, as the Gallic and PalmyreneEmpires broke away from the Roman state...
restored the Empire's eastern provinces after his conquest of the PalmyreneEmpire in 273. The following year he conquered the Gallic Empire in the west...
Vaballathus (Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡥𐡤𐡡𐡠𐡫𐡶, Wahbʾalat; Arabic: وهب اللات, romanized: Wahb Allāt; c. 259 – c. 274 AD) was emperor of the PalmyreneEmpire centred...
The Akkadian Empire (/əˈkeɪdiən/) was the first known ancient empire of Mesopotamia, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer. Centered on the...
Roman Empire through the Gallic Empire in the west and the PalmyreneEmpire in the east, which all together threatened to destroy the Roman Empire in its...
dialects PalmyreneEmpire Tempus, Aspekt und Modalität im Reichsaramäischen (in German). Harrassowitz. p. 47. While the East Aramaic Palmyrene language...
Below is a list of Palmyrene monarchs, the monarchs that ruled and presided over the city of Palmyra and the subsequent PalmyreneEmpire in the 3rd century...
Gallic Empire were restored to Roman rule. At roughly the same time, however, several eastern provinces seceded to form the PalmyreneEmpire, under the...
Hispania); the PalmyreneEmpire (including the eastern provinces of Syria Palaestina and Aegyptus); and, between them, the Italian-centered Roman Empire proper...
This is a navigational list of empires. Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also References External links List of former...
Palmyrene Aramaic PalmyreneEmpirePalmyrene (Unicode block) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Palmyrene. If an internal...
the Palmyrene forces led by their empress, Zenobia and general Zabdas. Aurelian had started a campaign to reconquer the secessionist PalmyreneEmpire, led...
While Aurelian was focused on attacking the PalmyreneEmpire, which had broken away from the Roman Empire in 270 under Empress Zenobia, Tetricus was able...
Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the First Persian Empire (/əˈkiːmənɪd/; Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐏂, Xšāça, lit. 'The Empire' or 'The Kingdom')...
their kingdom with Petra as the capital in 300 BCE, by 271 CE, the PalmyreneEmpire with the capital Palmyra, led by Queen Zenobia, encompassed the Syria...
rebellion against the Roman Emperor under the short-lived independent PalmyreneEmpire. He led Palmyra's expeditions in the middle east which included annexing...
Zenobia. In 270, Zenobia detached from Roman authority and declared the PalmyreneEmpire, rapidly conquering much of Syria, Egypt, Arabia Petraea and large...
caused the partial collapse of the Empire, with the secessionistic Gallic Empire in the West and PalmyreneEmpire in the East. It is known that the XII...
of the Dura-Europos synagogue, a temple in the same city dedicated to Palmyrene gods, and the local Mithraeum. Parthian architecture adopted elements...
Aurelian in a major battle. With the conquests of the PalmyreneEmpire and the Gallic Empire, the Roman Empire is united again. However, the heavy losses incurred...
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