Western Aramaic dialect spoken in the city of Palmyra in the early centuries AD
Palmyrene Aramaic
Region
Syrian Desert
Extinct
1st millennium
Language family
Afro-Asiatic
Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Aramaic
Western
Palmyrene Aramaic
Early forms
Proto-Afroasiatic
Proto-Semitic
Old Aramaic
Middle Aramaic
Western Middle Aramaic
Writing system
Palmyrene alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3
–
Linguist List
qhy-pal
Glottolog
None
Palmyrene Aramaic was a primarily Western Aramaic dialect, exhibiting Eastern Aramaic grammatical features and hence often regarded as a dialect continuum between the Eastern and Western Aramaic branches.[1][2][3] It was primarily documented in Palmyra itself, but also found in the western parts of the Roman Empire, extending as far as Britannia. Dated inscriptions range from 44 BCE to 274 CE, with over 4,000 known inscriptions, mostly comprising honorific, dedicatory, and funerary texts. The dialect still retains echoes of earlier Imperial Aramaic. The lexicon bears influences from both Koine Greek and, to some extent, Arabic.[4][5][6]
The dual had disappeared from it.[4]
The written Palmyrene language was composed in a rounded script that later exhibited resemblances to the Syriac Estrangela script.[7]
^Tempus, Aspekt und Modalität im Reichsaramäischen (in German). Harrassowitz. p. 47. While the East Aramaic Palmyrene language seamlessly supplanted Imperial Aramaic as the language of Palmyra, likely in the second century BCE.…
^Aramaic Inscriptions and Documents of the Roman Period. OUP Oxford. p. 43. …Palmyrene was a continuation of Official Aramaic and a close reflection of the spoken language of the Palmyrene region, with eastern Aramaic features….
^Hellenistic and Roman Greece as a Sociolinguistic Area. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 271. …Palmyrene Aramaic has preserved many old Aramaic features; on the other hand, it also shows isoglosses with the eastern dialects…
^ abCharles Fontinoy (1969). Le duel dans les langues sémitiques (in French). Librairie Droz. p. 76. ISBN 9782251661797.
^Sebastian P. Brock: Greek and Latin Words in Palmyrene Inscriptions: A Comparison with Syriac, in: Eleonora Cussini (Hrsg.): A Journey to Palmyra. Collected Essays to Remember Delbert R. Hillers (= Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 22). Brill, Leiden 2005, 11–25; Holger Gzella: Die Palmyrener in der griechisch-römischen Welt. Kulturelle Begegnung im Spiegel des Sprachkontaktes, in: Klio 87 (2005), 445–458; Ders.: Das Aramäisch in den römischen Ostprovinzen. Sprachsituationen in Arabien, Syrien und Mesopotamien zur Kaiserzeit, in: Bibliotheca Orientalis 63 (2006), 15–39.
^Mohammed Maraqten: The Arabic Words in Palmyrene Inscriptions, in: ARAM 7 (1995), 89–108.
^A Corpus of Syriac Incantation Bowls. Brill. p. 15. ... Palmyrene characteristics detectable in its forms. He wrote (1962, 61) that this script may be seen as "a Syriac type evolved from an early form of Aramaic alphabet, of Palmyrene type, and which enjoys independence from the Edessene ..
PalmyreneAramaic was a primarily Western Aramaic dialect, exhibiting Eastern Aramaic grammatical features and hence often regarded as a dialect continuum...
The Palmyrene alphabet was a historical Semitic alphabet used to write PalmyreneAramaic. It was used between 100 BCE and 300 CE in Palmyra in the Syrian...
media related to Western Aramaic languages. Aramaic studies Bible translations into Aramaic Western Neo-Aramaic The Palmyrene dialect has a dual affiliation...
around kinship and clans, and its inhabitants spoke PalmyreneAramaic, a variety of Western Middle Aramaic, while using Koine Greek for commercial and diplomatic...
Palmyrene was influenced by Arabic, but to a much lesser degree. In the eastern regions (from Mesopotamia to Persia), dialects like PalmyreneAramaic...
Old Aramaic (Aramaic: 𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀, romanized: Ārāmāyā) refers to the earliest stage of the Aramaic language, known from the Aramaic inscriptions discovered...
up Palmyrene in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Palmyrene may refer to: an inhabitant of ancient Palmyra, Syria Palmyrene alphabet PalmyreneAramaic Palmyrene...
language). The Manichaean script is closely related to the Palmyrene alphabet of PalmyreneAramaic and the Estrangelo script of Syriac. The term "Manichean"...
Vaballathus (PalmyreneAramaic: 𐡥𐡤𐡡𐡠𐡫𐡶, Wahbʾalat; Arabic: وهب اللات, romanized: Wahb Allāt; c. 259 – c. 274 AD) was emperor of the Palmyrene Empire...
The Palmyrene Empire was a short-lived breakaway state from the Roman Empire resulting from the Crisis of the Third Century. Named after its capital city...
of Islam. The development of cursive versions of Aramaic led to the creation of the Syriac, Palmyrene and Mandaic alphabets, which formed the basis of...
BC. In remote regions, the cursive versions of Aramaic evolved into the creation of the Syriac, Palmyrene and Mandaic alphabets, which themselves formed...
šyzb 'to save' (Akkadian šūzubu). PalmyreneAramaic Old Arabic "The Nabataean script: a bridge between the Aramaic and Arabic alphabets". Paths of Jordan...
Shields, northeast England. The inscription is written in Latin and PalmyreneAramaic, the language of Regina's husband, Barates, who has been identified...
Septimius Herodianus or Hairan I (PalmyreneAramaic: 𐡧𐡩𐡴𐡭, Ḥairan; c. 240 – 267) was a son and co-king of Odaenathus of Palmyra. Through his father's...
century BC. "THE ARABIC WORDS IN PALMYRENE INSCRIPTIONS" (PDF). ResearchGate. Retrieved 11 May 2024. The earliest dated Palmyrene inscription is from the year...
it again in the Palmyrene text in the same form, and it is thus rightly linked to the Aramaic root "nefaq", "to go out". The Aramaic "afqa" also means...
Millennium BC. "THE ARABIC WORDS IN PALMYRENE INSCRIPTIONS" (PDF). ResearchGate. Retrieved 11 May 2024. The earliest dated Palmyrene inscription is from the year...
Aramaic from the beginning (through Biblical Aramaic, Nabataean, Palmyrene) down to the established eastern and western branches; b) Middle Aramaic,...
Babylonian Aramaic (Babylon), Palmyrene (Palmyra) and various Palestinian sub dialects (Palestine). Syriac, Mandaic and Christian Palestinian Aramaic also developed...
Global Information