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Eastern Hemisphere at the beginning of the 3rd century AD.
Map of the world in AD 250.
Eastern Hemisphere at the end of the 3rd century AD.

The 3rd century was the period from AD 201 (represented by the Roman numerals CCI) to AD 300 (CCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar.

In this century, the Roman Empire saw a crisis, starting with the assassination of the Roman Emperor Severus Alexander in 235, plunging the empire into a period of economic troubles, barbarian incursions, political upheavals, civil wars, and the split of the Roman Empire through the Gallic Empire in the west and the Palmyrene Empire in the east, which all together threatened to destroy the Roman Empire in its entirety, but the reconquests of the seceded territories by Emperor Aurelian and the stabilization period under Emperor Diocletian due to the administrative strengthening of the empire caused an end to the crisis by 284. This crisis would also mark the beginning of Late Antiquity.

In Persia, the Parthian Empire was succeeded by the Sassanid Empire in 224 after Ardashir I defeated and killed Artabanus V during the Battle of Hormozdgan. The Sassanids then went on to subjugate many of the western portions of the declining Kushan Empire.

In China, the chaos that had been raging since 189 would ultimately continue to persist with the decisive defeat of Cao Cao at the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208, which would increasingly end the hopes of unification and lead to the tripartite division of China into three main empires; Shu, Wu, and Wei, colloquially known as the Three Kingdoms period, which started in 220 with the formal abdication of Emperor Xian of Han to Cao Cao's son, Cao Pi, thereby founding Wei, which would go on to conquer Shu in 263, but would ultimately be united again under the Jin dynasty, headed by the Sima clan, who would usurp Wei in 266, and conquer Wu in 280.

In other parts of the world, Korea was ruled by the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Japan entered the Kofun period. The Southeast Asian mainland was mostly dominated by Funan, the first kingdom of the Khmer people. In India, the Gupta Empire was on the rise towards the end of the century. In Pre-Columbian America, the Adena culture of the Ohio River valley declined in favor of the Hopewell culture. The Maya civilization entered its Classic Era.

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3rd century

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The 3rd century was the period from AD 201 (represented by the Roman numerals CCI) to AD 300 (CCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. In this century...

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3rd century BC

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The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC. It is considered part of the Classical Era, epoch, or historical...

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Crisis of the Third Century

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Third Century) Jublains archeological site documents some effects of the crisis in what is now western France Barbarian invasions of the 3rd century...

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Ancient literature

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Tamil: 3rd century BC to 3rd century AD: Sangam poems Tolkāppiyam (grammar book) Korakkar (3rd century BC) Siddhar, Physician, Philosopher Bogar (3rd century...

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Barbarian invasions into the Roman Empire of the 3rd century

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it was the overall strategic organization itself that changed. In the 3rd century the Roman Empire deployed numerous legions against barbarian invasions:...

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Century

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A century is a period of 100 years. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages. The word century comes from the Latin centum...

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Timeline of historic inventions

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3rd century BC: Gimbal described by Philo of Byzantium Late 3rd century BC: Dry dock under Ptolemy IV (221–205 BC) in Hellenistic Egypt 3rd century BC...

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History of Germany

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Franks, Bavarii, Chatti, Saxons, Frisii, Sicambri, and Thuringii. By the 3rd century the Germanic speaking peoples began to migrate beyond the limes and the...

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4th century

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The 4th century was the time period from AD 301 (represented by the Roman numerals CCCI) to AD 400 (CD) in accordance with the Julian calendar. In the...

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2nd century

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mosaic variant of a 2nd-century BC painting by Sosos of Pergamon. It is now kept at the Musei Vaticani in Rome. 2nd or 3rd century – Standing Buddha, from...

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List of state leaders in the 3rd century

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Timeline of Indian history

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Timeline of Japanese history

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read about the background to these events, see History of Japan. Centuries: 1st · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th · 6th · 7th · 8th · 9th · 10th · 11th · 12th · 13th ·...

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7th century

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Kaganate. 658: Two Chinese monks, Zhi Yu and Zhi You, reconstruct the 3rd century south-pointing chariot mechanical compass-vehicle for Emperor Tenji of...

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3rd century in Lebanon

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bishop of Tyre emerged as the pre-eminent prelate of Phoenice by the mid-3rd century. Since the time of Septimius Severus, it had been the practice to assign...

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History of mathematics

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in the Ashoka inscriptions (3rd century BC); the 2, 4, 6, 7, and 9 appear in the Nana Ghat inscriptions about a century later; and the 2, 3, 4, 5, 6...

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Timeline of Colombian history

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presidents of Colombia. Millennia: 11th BC–9th BC · 3rd BC · 2nd BC–1st BC · 1st–2nd · 3rd Centuries: 20th BC · 19th BC · 18th BC · 17th BC · 16th BC ·...

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Latin alphabet

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which might have lacked any voiced plosives. Later, probably during the 3rd century BC, the letter ⟨Z⟩ – not needed to write Latin properly – was replaced...

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Timeline of Roman history

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Millennia: 1st BC · 1st–2nd Centuries: 7th BC · 6th BC · 5th BC · 4th BC · 3rd BC · 2nd BC · 1st BC · 1st · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th · 6th · 7th · 8th ·...

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Lists of political entities by century

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3rd century List of political entities in the 2nd century List of political entities in the 1st century List of political entities in the 1st century...

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Timeline of Italian history

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1st BC · 1st–2nd · 3rd Centuries: 5th BC · 4th BC · 3rd BC · 2nd BC · 1st BC · See also · Bibliography Centuries: 1st · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th · 6th ·...

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Timeline of Chinese history

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dispute. Prehistory / Millennia: 3rd BC · 2nd BC–1st BC · 1st–2nd · 3rd · See also · Further reading · External links Centuries: 20th BC · 19th BC · 18th BC ·...

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List of state leaders in the 3rd century BC

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leaders in the 4th century BC – State leaders in the 2nd century BC – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 3rd century BC (300–201 BC)...

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Romulus and Remus

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symbol of the city of Rome and the ancient Romans since at least the 3rd century BC. Although the tale takes place before the founding of Rome around...

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3rd century in poetry

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poetry Centuries in poetry: 2nd century - 3rd century - 4th century Decades in poetry: 200s 210s 220s 230s 240s 250s 260s 270s 280s 290s Centuries: 2nd...

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