PPARGC1A information

PPARGC1A
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1XB7, 3B1M, 3CS8, 3D24, 3U9Q, 3V9T, 3V9V, 4QJR, 4QK4
Identifiers
Aliases	PPARGC1A, LEM6, PGC-1(alpha), PGC-1v, PGC1, PGC1A, PPARGC1, PGC-1alpha, PPARG coactivator 1 alpha, PGC-1α
External IDs	OMIM: 604517; MGI: 1342774; HomoloGene: 7485; GeneCards: PPARGC1A; OMA:PPARGC1A - orthologs
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)
End	51,725,068 bp
RNA expression pattern
	n/a
	Top expressed in
	atrioventricular valve; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; lateral geniculate nucleus; ; medial vestibular nucleus; ; dorsal tegmental nucleus; ; substantia nigra; ; ciliary body; ; pontine nuclei; ; barrel cortex; ; globus pallidus;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	promoter-specific chromatin binding; transcription factor binding; chromatin binding; protein binding; nuclear receptor binding; nucleic acid binding; DNA binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; transcription coactivator activity; alpha-tubulin binding; transcription coregulator activity; androgen receptor binding; nuclear receptor coactivator activity; RNA binding; chromatin DNA binding; ubiquitin protein ligase binding; signaling receptor binding; estrogen receptor binding; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cytosol; cytosolic ribosome; nucleus; RNA polymerase II, core complex; apical dendrite; neuronal cell body; PML body; nucleoplasm; intracellular membrane-bounded organelle;
Biological process	negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process; response to dietary excess; negative regulation of glycolytic process; response to fructose; cellular response to interleukin-6; rhythmic process; cellular response to resveratrol; response to thyroid hormone; cellular response to fructose stimulus; cellular response to ionomycin; adaptive thermogenesis; response to ischemia; circadian rhythm; fatty acid oxidation; response to metformin; cellular response to caffeine; response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation; temperature homeostasis; cellular response to hypoxia; cellular response to glucose stimulus; positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation; cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus; positive regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus; androgen metabolic process; response to reactive oxygen species; positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process; digestion; response to leucine; response to norepinephrine; response to epinephrine; transcription, DNA-templated; negative regulation of mitochondrial fission; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; positive regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process; response to nutrient levels; RNA splicing; skeletal muscle atrophy; cellular respiration; negative regulation of signaling receptor activity; positive regulation of gluconeogenesis; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter; cellular response to potassium ion; negative regulation of neuron death; negative regulation of protein phosphorylation; positive regulation of cellular respiration; mRNA processing; protein stabilization; mitochondrion organization; positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity; response to electrical stimulus; circadian regulation of gene expression; cerebellum development; positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process; regulation of NMDA receptor activity; galactose metabolic process; positive regulation of muscle tissue development; regulation of circadian rhythm; flavone metabolic process; adipose tissue development; respiratory electron transport chain; positive regulation of cellular metabolic process; response to muscle activity; cellular response to nitrite; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; gluconeogenesis; androgen receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; response to hypoxia; response to organic cyclic compound; cellular glucose homeostasis; cellular response to tumor necrosis factor; cellular response to estradiol stimulus; human ageing; negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration; response to activity; positive regulation of histone acetylation; cellular response to fatty acid; autophagy of mitochondrion; cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus; response to methionine; response to starvation; response to cold; cellular response to oxidative stress; forebrain development; cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; positive regulation of mitochondrion organization; brown fat cell differentiation; protein-containing complex assembly; energy homeostasis; positive regulation of gene expression; positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	10891
	19017
	ENSG00000109819
	ENSMUSG00000029167
	Q9UBK2
	O70343
	NM_013261; NM_001330751; NM_001330752; NM_001330753
	NM_008904
NP_001317680; NP_001317681; NP_001317682; NP_037393; NP_001341754;
	NP_001341755; NP_001341756; NP_001341757
NP_032930; NP_001389916; NP_001389917; NP_001389918; NP_001389919;
	NP_001389920
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARGC1A gene.^[4] PPARGC1A is also known as human accelerated region 20 (HAR20). It may, therefore, have played a key role in differentiating humans from apes.^[5]

PGC-1α is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.^[6]^[7]^[8] PGC-1α is also the primary regulator of liver gluconeogenesis, inducing increased gene expression for gluconeogenesis.^[9]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029167 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Esterbauer H, Oberkofler H, Krempler F, Patsch W (Feb 2000). "Human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PPARGC1) gene: cDNA sequence, genomic organization, chromosomal localization, and tissue expression". Genomics. 62 (1): 98–102. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5977. PMID 10585775.
^ Pollard KS, Salama SR, Lambert N, Lambot MA, Coppens S, Pedersen JS, Katzman S, King B, Onodera C, Siepel A, Kern AD, Dehay C, Igel H, Ares M, Vanderhaeghen P, Haussler D (September 2006). "An RNA gene expressed during cortical development evolved rapidly in humans" (PDF). Nature. 443 (7108): 167–72. Bibcode:2006Natur.443..167P. doi:10.1038/nature05113. PMID 16915236. S2CID 18107797.
^ Valero T (2014). "Mitochondrial biogenesis: pharmacological approaches". Curr. Pharm. Des. 20 (35): 5507–9. doi:10.2174/138161282035140911142118. hdl:10454/13341. PMID 24606795. Mitochondrial biogenesis is therefore defined as the process via which cells increase their individual mitochondrial mass [3]. ... This work reviews different strategies to enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics in order to ameliorate the neurodegenerative process, with an emphasis on clinical trials reports that indicate their potential. Among them creatine, Coenzyme Q10 and mitochondrial targeted antioxidants/peptides are reported to have the most remarkable effects in clinical trials.
^ Sanchis-Gomar F, García-Giménez JL, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Pallardó FV (2014). "Mitochondrial biogenesis in health and disease. Molecular and therapeutic approaches". Curr. Pharm. Des. 20 (35): 5619–5633. doi:10.2174/1381612820666140306095106. PMID 24606801. Mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) is the essential mechanism by which cells control the number of mitochondria.
^ Dorn GW, Vega RB, Kelly DP (2015). "Mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in the developing and diseased heart". Genes Dev. 29 (19): 1981–91. doi:10.1101/gad.269894.115. PMC 4604339. PMID 26443844.
^ Klein MA, Denu JM (2020). "Biological and catalytic functions of sirtuin 6 as targets for small-molecule modulators". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 295 (32): 11021–11041. doi:10.1074/jbc.REV120.011438. PMC 7415977. PMID 32518153.

[refGRCm38Ensembl-1] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029167 – Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[3] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10585775-4] Esterbauer H, Oberkofler H, Krempler F, Patsch W (Feb 2000). "Human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PPARGC1) gene: cDNA sequence, genomic organization, chromosomal localization, and tissue expression". Genomics. 62 (1): 98–102. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5977. PMID 10585775.

[pmid16915236-5] Pollard KS, Salama SR, Lambert N, Lambot MA, Coppens S, Pedersen JS, Katzman S, King B, Onodera C, Siepel A, Kern AD, Dehay C, Igel H, Ares M, Vanderhaeghen P, Haussler D (September 2006). "An RNA gene expressed during cortical development evolved rapidly in humans" (PDF). Nature. 443 (7108): 167–72. Bibcode:2006Natur.443..167P. doi:10.1038/nature05113. PMID 16915236. S2CID 18107797.

[Mitochondrial_biogenesis-6] Valero T (2014). "Mitochondrial biogenesis: pharmacological approaches". Curr. Pharm. Des. 20 (35): 5507–9. doi:10.2174/138161282035140911142118. hdl:10454/13341. PMID 24606795. Mitochondrial biogenesis is therefore defined as the process via which cells increase their individual mitochondrial mass [3]. ... This work reviews different strategies to enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics in order to ameliorate the neurodegenerative process, with an emphasis on clinical trials reports that indicate their potential. Among them creatine, Coenzyme Q10 and mitochondrial targeted antioxidants/peptides are reported to have the most remarkable effects in clinical trials.

[Mitochondrial_biogenesis_in_health_and_disease-7] Sanchis-Gomar F, García-Giménez JL, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Pallardó FV (2014). "Mitochondrial biogenesis in health and disease. Molecular and therapeutic approaches". Curr. Pharm. Des. 20 (35): 5619–5633. doi:10.2174/1381612820666140306095106. PMID 24606801. Mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) is the essential mechanism by which cells control the number of mitochondria.

[pmid26443844-8] Dorn GW, Vega RB, Kelly DP (2015). "Mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in the developing and diseased heart". Genes Dev. 29 (19): 1981–91. doi:10.1101/gad.269894.115. PMC 4604339. PMID 26443844.

[pmid32518153-9] Klein MA, Denu JM (2020). "Biological and catalytic functions of sirtuin 6 as targets for small-molecule modulators". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 295 (32): 11021–11041. doi:10.1074/jbc.REV120.011438. PMC 7415977. PMID 32518153.

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