Outer Manchuria, north and east of the China-Russia border, shown in light red.
Country
Russia (since 1860)[1]
Federal subjects
Jewish Autonomous Oblast Khabarovsk Krai Primorsky Krai Amur Oblast Zabaykalsky Krai
Named for
Manchuria
Area
[2]
• Total
910,000 km2 (350,000 sq mi)
Demonym
Manchu
Part of a series on the
History of Manchuria
Prehistoric period
Liao civilization
Ancient to Classical period
Gojoseon
Sushen
Donghu
Yemaek
Takri Kingdom
Yan (Warring States)
Xiongnu
Han dynasty
Wuhuan
Xianbei state
Yan (Three Kingdoms)
Cao Wei
Buyeo
Goguryeo
Sima Jin dynasty
Yuwen
Former Yan
Former Qin
Later Yan
Northern Yan
Kumo Xi
Khitan
Mohe
Shiwei
Göktürk Khaganate
Medieval to Early Modern period
Eastern Turkic Khaganate
Tang dynasty (Andong Protectorate)
Balhae
Liao dynasty
Jurchen Jin dynasty
Yuan rule
Northern Yuan
Ming rule (Nurgan)
Later Jin
Qing rule
Modern period
Amur Annexation
Chuang Guandong
Korean and Russian invasions
Russian Dalian
Beiyang government (Fengtian Clique)
Far Eastern Republic
Green Ukraine
Kwantung Leased Territory
Nationalist government
Korean People's Association in Manchuria
Japanese invasion
Manchukuo
Liaoshen Campaign (Chinese Civil War)
Manchuria/Northeast China
Outer Manchuria (in Russian Far East)
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Outer Manchuria,[3][4][1][2][5] sometimes called Russian Manchuria, refers to a region in Northeast Asia that is now part of the Russian Far East[1] but historically formed part of Manchuria (until the mid-19th century). While Manchuria now more normatively refers to Northeast China, it originally included areas consisting of Priamurye between the left bank of Amur River and the Stanovoy Range to the north, and Primorskaya which covered the area in the right bank of both Ussuri River and the lower Amur River to the Pacific Coast. The region was ruled by a series of Chinese dynasties and the Mongol Empire, but control of the area was ceded to the Russian Empire by the Qing China during the Amur Annexation in the 1858 Treaty of Aigun and 1860 Treaty of Peking,[6] with the terms "Outer Manchuria" and "Russian Manchuria" arising after the Russian annexation. The same general area became known as Green Ukraine after a large number of settlers from Ukraine came to the region.
^ abcSchneider, Julia C. (2017). "The New Setting: Political Thinking after 1912". Nation and Ethnicity: Chinese Discourses on History,. p. 277. ISBN 978-90-04-33011-5. ISSN 1574-4493. OCLC 974211957. "In the mid-19th century, the Qing government gave over (so-called) Outer Manchuria, where mostly non-Manchu Tungusic people dwelled, to the Russian Empire by the Treaty of Aigun (Aigun tiaoyue, 1858) and the (First) Convention of Peking (Beijing tiaoyue, 1860)....The Convention of Peking, one of several unequal treaties, moreover assigned the parts in the East of the Ussuri River (Wusulijiang) to Russia. Outer Manchuria, also called Russian Manchuria was never claimed to be part of a Chinese nation-state. Today it belongs to the Russian Federation, is no longer referred to as Outer Manchuria, and is considered to be part of Siberia. Consequently, the name Manchuria refers only to Inner Manchuria today. In the following, I will refer to Inner Manchuria as Manchuria."
^ abKissinger, Henry (2011). "From Preeminence to Decline". On China. New York: Penguin Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-59420-271-1. LCCN 2011009265. OCLC 1025648355. "For these services Moscow exacted a staggering territorial price: a broad swath of territory in so-called Outer Manchuria along the Pacific coast, including the port city now called Vladivostok.¹⁴ In a stroke, Russia had gained a major new naval base, a foothold in the Sea of Japan, and 350,000 square miles of territory once considered Chinese."
^Shurtleff, William (2022). History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in Manchuria (1833-2022). Soyinfo Center. p. 6. ISBN 9781948436670.
^Shi, David (2023). Spirit Voices: The Mysteries and Magic of North Asian Shamanism. Red Wheel Weiser. p. 140. ISBN 9781633412835.
^Bolton, John (April 12, 2023). "A New American Grand Strategy to Counter Russia and China". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. OCLC 781541372. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023."New Russian leaders may or may not look to the West rather than Beijing, and might be so weak that the Russian Federation’s fragmentation, especially east of the Urals, isn’t inconceivable. Beijing is undoubtedly eyeing this vast territory, which potentially contains incalculable mineral wealth. Significant portions of this region were under Chinese sovereignty until the 1860 Treaty of Peking transferred “outer Manchuria,” including extensive Pacific coast lands, to Moscow."
^O'Hanlon, Michael E. (2015). "Conflicts Real, Latent, and Imaginable". The Future of Land Warfare. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-081572689-0. OCLC 930512519.
OuterManchuria, sometimes called Russian Manchuria, refers to a region in Northeast Asia that is now part of the Russian Far East but historically formed...
historically parts of the modern-day Russian Far East, often referred to as OuterManchuria. Its definition may refer to varying geographical extents as follows:...
Russian part is also known as OuterManchuria (or Russian Manchuria), while the Chinese part is known as Northeast China. Manchuria is the homeland of the Manchu...
region of Manchuria, including today's Northeast China and OuterManchuria, although OuterManchuria was lost to the Russian Empire after the Amur Annexation...
century AD, including both Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, both Manchuria (Northeast China) and OuterManchuria, Tibet, Qinghai and Xinjiang. Wars were fought...
(specifically in Northeast China) controlled by Russia in 1898–1905 OuterManchuria, territories now part of the Russia Far East, ceded by China to Russia...
The Soviet invasion of Manchuria, formally known as the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation or simply the Manchurian Operation (Маньчжурская операция)...
territory consisting of the lands seized in the Japanese invasion of Manchuria; it was later declared to be a constitutional monarchy in 1934, though...
Outer China usually includes the geographical regions of Dzungaria, Tarim Basin, Gobi Desert, Tibetan Plateau, Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, and Manchuria....
Amur River and the Pacific Ocean, an area roughly corresponding to OuterManchuria. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Transcathay (Ukrainian: Закитайщина...
four main areas, namely Manchuria (modern Northeast China and OuterManchuria), the Mongolian Plateau (Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia), Xinjiang (Chinese...
Manchuria under Yuan rule refers to the Yuan dynasty's rule over Manchuria, corresponding to modern Manchuria (Northeast China) and OuterManchuria (including...
(Chinese: 东北; pinyin: Dōngběi) is a geographical region of China, also called Manchuria in history. It usually corresponds specifically to the three provinces...
willows, was intended to restrict movement into Manchuria (including Northeast China and OuterManchuria), and was built by the Qing dynasty of China during...
including today's Northeast China and OuterManchuria. The Ming rule of Manchuria began with its conquest of Manchuria in the late 1380s after the fall of...
600,000 square kilometers (231,660 sq mi) of what became known as OuterManchuria. While the Qing government initially refused to recognize the validity...
notable in modern-day nations and regions of China, Taiwan, parts of OuterManchuria, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos...
a part of East Asia) OuterManchuria North Asia (AKA Siberia) Russian Far East (also a part of Northeast Asia) OuterManchuria South Asia Eastern South...
open up ports for trade, lease or cede territories (such as OuterManchuria, parts of Manchuria (Northwest China) and Sakhalin to the Russian Empire, Jiaozhou...
(大真), was a short-lived kingdom established in Manchuria (including Northeast China and OuterManchuria) by the Jurchen warlord Puxian Wannu in 1215 during...
vulnerable as the Russian Empire demanded the Amur Annexation annexing OuterManchuria. In response, the Qing officials such as Tepuqin (特普欽), the Military...
respectively. Collectively, they are often referred to as OuterManchuria, part of the greater region of Manchuria. The Stanovoy Mountains divide the drainage basins...
(Chinese Turkestan) Mongolia (Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia) Manchuria (Northeast China and OuterManchuria) Qinghai In 1832, the geographical boundaries...
Korean control until 1860 when Russia forced the Qing dynasty to cede OuterManchuria along with Noktundo in the Convention of Peking without any Korean...
to Britain. Second Opium War: Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutters Island ceded to Britain as part of Hong Kong OuterManchuria ceded to Russian Empire...
Plateau Inner Asia Inner Mongolia Outer Mongolia China proper Manchuria Northeast China Northeast China Plain OuterManchuria Mongolian–Manchurian grassland...
China to Manchuria to serve as officials and officers. With Duan Qirui's Anhui clique using some funds from the Nishihara Loans to invade Outer Mongolia...
Primarily, it represented the boundaries of the regions of Transbaikal and OuterManchuria. The frontiers of the short-lived nation followed the western coastline...