Changes to the China–Russia border in the 19th century. Territory ceded to Russia in the Treaty of Aigun is shown in yellow.
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
璦琿條約
Simplified Chinese
瑷珲条约
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Àihún tiáoyuē
Russian name
Russian
Айгунский договор
Romanization
Aygunskiy dogovor
The Treaty of Aigun was an 1858 unequal treaty between the Russian Empire and Yishan, official of the Qing dynasty of China. It established much of the modern border between the Russian Far East and China by ceding much of Manchuria (the ancestral homeland of the Manchu people), now known as Northeast China.[1] Negotiations began after China was threatened with war on a second front by Governor-General of the Far East Nikolay Muraviev when China was suppressing the Taiping Rebellion.[2] It reversed the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) by transferring the land between the Stanovoy Range and the Amur River from the Qing dynasty to the Russian Empire. Russia received over 600,000 square kilometers (231,660 sq mi) of what became known as Outer Manchuria.[3][2] While the Qing government initially refused to recognize the validity of the treaty, the Russian gains under the Treaty of Aigun was affirmed as part of the 1860 Sino-Russian Convention of Peking.[4]
^"Russia and China end 300 year old border dispute". BBC News. November 10, 1997. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
^ abPaine, SCM (2003). The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: perceptions, power, and primacy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81714-1.[permanent dead link]
^Cite error: The named reference disputes was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Elleman, Bruce (2019). International Rivalry and Secret Diplomacy in East Asia, 1896-1950. Taylor & Francis. p. 19. ISBN 9781317328155.
The TreatyofAigun was an 1858 unequal treaty between the Russian Empire and Yishan, official of the Qing dynasty of China. It established much of the...
treaties with Russia, such as the TreatyofAigun and the Convention of Peking. As a result, China ceded more than 1.5 million square kilometers of territory...
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by the Qing China during the Amur Annexation in the 1858 TreatyofAigun and 1860 Treatyof Peking, with the terms "Outer Manchuria" and "Russian Manchuria"...
foodstuffs. It was at Aigun in May 1858 that Nikolay Muravyov concluded the AigunTreaty, according to which the left bank of the Amur River was conceded...
first phase of the Second Opium War led to the 1858 Treatyof Tientsin and TreatyofAigun, the latter of which resulted in the cession of much of Manchuria...
unequal 1858 TreatyofAigun and 1860 Convention of Beijing (the People's Republic of China indirectly questioned the legitimacy of these treaties in the 1960s...
the base of Manchus controlling the Amur River basin. The AigunTreaty was concluded at Aigun in 1858. According to this treaty, the left bank of the Amur...
Russia under a series of what the Chinese side called Unequal Treaties, which included the TreatyofAigun in 1858 and the Convention of Peking in 1860, in...
land was ceded by China to Russia as a result of the TreatyofAigunof 1858 and the Treatyof Peking of 1860. On Chinese maps from the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368)...
that corresponded with the ancient Manchu province of East Tartary. See TreatyofAigun (1858), Treatyof Nerchinsk (1689) and Sino-Russian border conflicts...
Russia in the TreatyofAigunof 1858 and by the Convention of Peking of 1860 (see Amur Annexation). During this period, only a small number of settlers settled...
Following the TreatyofAigun in 1858 a new Amur Cossack stanitsa appeared on the site. A municipal museum is sited among the remains of the 17th-century...
the Treatyof Nerchinsk, signed in 1689. After the AigunTreaty the allied forces, with the help of General Ignatyev, signed the four positions of the...
Shortly after the signing of the TreatyofAigun between Qing China and the Russian Empire and affirmed by the Convention of Peking – from which it is...
decline of China's last dynasty, the Russian Empire forced the Qing (1644–1912) to cede Outer Manchuria in the 1858 TreatyofAigun. That treaty made the...
bank of the Amur River and the coast down to the Korean border from China in the "Unequal Treaties" ofTreatyofAigun (1858) and the Convention of Peking...
formed the border between Russia and China from 1689 (Treatyof Nerchinsk) to 1858 (TreatyofAigun). The Evenks grouped the Dzhugdzhur, Stanovoy, and Yablonoi...
Russia in the past). The Daur form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognised in the People's Republic of China. They numbered 131,992 according...
Qing to sign the TreatyofAigun and Convention of Peking, under which China lost all territories north of Heilongjiang (Amur) and east of Ussuri, including...
the Manchus to yield all lands north of the river to the Russian Empire by the TreatyofAigun (1858). Lands east of the Ussuri and the lower Amur were...
Chinese territory of Manchuria and became incorporated into the Russian Empire pursuant to the TreatyofAigun (1858) and the Convention of Peking (1860)...
and peasants had been settled along the whole course of the river. In 1858, in the TreatyofAigun, China recognized the Amur River downstream as far as...
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