A 1912 map from an issue of National Geographic magazine showing the Republic of China. China proper is shaded in pink, while other Chinese territories have pink borders
China proper
Traditional Chinese
中國本土
Simplified Chinese
中国本土
Hanyu Pinyin
zhōngguó běntǔ
Literal meaning
China proper
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
zhōngguó běntǔ
Wade–Giles
Chung1 Kuo2 Pen3 T'u3
Alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
中國本部
Simplified Chinese
中国本部
Hanyu Pinyin
zhōngguó běnbù
Literal meaning
China core
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
zhōngguó běnbù
Wade–Giles
Chung1 Kuo2 Pen3 Pu4
Second alternative Chinese name
Chinese
十八行省
Hanyu Pinyin
shíbā xíngshěng
Literal meaning
Eighteen Provinces
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
shíbā xíngshěng
Third alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
關內十八省
Simplified Chinese
关内十八省
Hanyu Pinyin
guānnèi shíbā shěng
Literal meaning
Eighteen Provinces inside Shanhaiguan
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
guānnèi shíbā shěng
Fourth alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
內地十八省
Simplified Chinese
内地十八省
Hanyu Pinyin
nèidì shíbā shěng
Literal meaning
Eighteen Provinces in mainland
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
nèidì shíbā shěng
Fifth alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
中原漢地
Simplified Chinese
中原汉地
Hanyu Pinyin
zhōngyuán hàndì
Literal meaning
Han territory in Central Plain
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
zhōngyuán hàndì
Map of China proper in 1900 from the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
China proper, also called Inner China[note 1] are terms used primarily in the West in reference to the traditional "core" regions of China centered in the southeast. The term was first used by Westerners during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty to describe the distinction between the historical "Han lands" (漢地)—i.e. regions long dominated by the majority Han population—and the "frontier" regions of China where more non-Han ethnic groups and new foreign immigrants (e.g. Russians) reside, sometimes known as "Outer China".[1] There is no fixed extent for China proper, as many administrative, cultural, and linguistic shifts have occurred in Chinese history. One definition refers to the original area of Chinese civilization, the Central Plain (in the North China Plain); another to the Eighteen Provinces of the Qing dynasty. There was no direct translation for "China proper" in the Chinese language at the time due to differences in terminology used by the Qing to refer to the regions. Even to today, the expression is controversial among scholars, particularly in mainland China, due to issues pertaining to contemporary territorial claim and ethnic politics.[citation needed]
Outer China usually includes the geographical regions of Dzungaria, Tarim Basin, Gobi Desert,[note 2] Tibetan Plateau, Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, and Manchuria.[2]
^ ab"Glossary – China. Library of Congress Country Studies". Library of Congress. Used broadly to mean China within the Great Wall, with its eighteen historic provinces.
^"Outer China". depts.washington.edu.
Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).
Chinaproper, also called Inner China are terms used primarily in the West in reference to the traditional "core" regions of China centered in the southeast...
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Manchu alphabet. For most of its history, China was organized...
contiguous land empire in history. His grandson Kublai Khan conquered Chinaproper and established the Yuan dynasty. After the collapse of the Yuan, the...
two millennia. During the Han dynasty, territory of China was extended to most of the Chinaproper and to areas far west. Confucianism was officially elevated...
After conquering Chinaproper, the Manchus identified their state as "China", equivalently as 中國; Zhōngguó; 'middle kingdom' in Chinese and Dulimbai Gurun...
A city proper is the geographical area contained within city limits. The term proper is not exclusive to cities; it can describe the geographical area...
The Chinese Empire, also known as Imperial China, Empire of China, Celestial Empire, or simply China, was an imperial realm that spanned much of East,...
to Chinaproper. Usage by the United States on government maps in the 1940s as a political term included territories claimed by the Republic of China that...
consolidating the rule of the Qing dynasty over all of Chinaproper. Under Qing rule, China's borders extended beyond the walls and Mongolia was annexed...
Han dynasty, ancient Chinese scholars used the term Huaxia (華夏; 华夏; Huá Xià) in texts to describe Chinaproper, while the Chinese populace were referred...
the PRC and ROC. China portal Mainlander Greater China Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of ChinaChinaproper Constitution of the...
Khwarizmian Mahmud Yalavach and Kublai were sent to Chinaproper. Kublai received the viceroyalty over northern China and moved his ordo to central Inner Mongolia...
Dabashan ranges form a major north–south divide across ChinaProper, the traditional core area of China. Southeast of the Tibetan Plateau and south of the...
western and northern "frontier" of Chinaproper and as being bounded by East Asia proper, which consists of Chinaproper, Japan and Korea. The extent of...
proper names are proper nouns: Peter and Africa are both proper names and proper nouns; but Peter the Great and South Africa, while they are proper names...
River in Chinaproper, various Chinese dynasties expanded to incorporate other regions into the Chinese realm. At various points in time, the Chinese monarchy...
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. In 1271, Kublai Khan imposed the name Great Yuan (Chinese: 大元; pinyin:...
situation in China in 1929: After the Northern Expedition, the KMT had direct control over east and central China, while the rest of Chinaproper as well as...
Chinese (simplified Chinese: 汉语; traditional Chinese: 漢語; pinyin: Hànyǔ; lit. 'Han language' or 中文; Zhōngwén; 'Chinese writing') is a group of languages...
Tocharians and Saka). It began to grow to become a significant influence in Chinaproper only after the fall of the Han dynasty, in the period of political division...
the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over Chinaproper. He was the 15th son of the Qianlong Emperor. During his reign, he prosecuted...
to Qing or the Manchu conquest of China from 1618 to 1683 saw the transition between two major dynasties in Chinese history. It was a decades-long conflict...
missionary to reach Chinaproper and first bishop of Khanbaliq during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). After the 1949 takeover by the Chinese Communist Party...
territories from Zhongguo, which he defined as the 17 provinces of "Chinaproper" plus the Manchu homelands in the Northeast. By the late 19th century...
emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over Chinaproper. A committee of Manchu princes chose him to succeed his father, Hong...
surged across Chinaproper during the 14th century, Zhu Yuanzhang rose to command the Red Turban Rebellion that conquered Chinaproper, ending the Mongol-led...
1335–1353. Next, the Yuan dynasty lost control of the Tibetan Plateau and Chinaproper in 1354 and 1368, respectively, and collapsed after its capital of Dadu...
Global Information
