Distinctive part of the culture of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman miniature of a meddah performing at a coffeehouse
The Ottoman coffeehouse, or Ottoman Café was a distinctive part of the culture of the Ottoman Empire. These coffeehouses, started in the mid-sixteenth century, brought together citizens across society for educational, social, and political activity as well as general information exchange. The popularity of these coffeehouses attracted government interest and were attended by government spies to gather public opinion. Ottoman coffeehouses also had religious and musical ties. Europeans adopted coffeehouses and other Ottoman leisure customs during the early modern period.[citation needed]
The activity of coffee-drinking and coffeehouses originated in Arabia, and it moved to Egypt then to Persia then to the Ottoman Empire during the sixteenth century.[1] In the Ottoman Empire, the first coffeehouse was opened in Istanbul in 1555 during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent.[2] It was founded by two merchants from Damascus and established in Tahtakale, Istanbul.[3] Eventually, coffeehouses offered more than coffee; they began vending sweet beverages and candies.[3] Coffeehouses also became more numerous and functioned as community hubs. Before their introduction, the home, the mosque, and the shop were the primary sites of interpersonal interaction.[3] Eventually, though, there existed one coffeehouse for every six or seven commercial shops. By the end of the nineteenth century, there were nearly 2,500 coffeehouses in Istanbul alone.[4]
^Beeley, Brian W. (1970). "The Turkish Village Coffeehouse as a Social Institution". Geographical Review. 60 (4): 475–493. doi:10.2307/213769. JSTOR 213769.
^Yılmaz, Birsen; Acar-Tek, Nilüfer; Sözlü, Saniye (1 December 2017). "Turkish cultural heritage: a cup of coffee". Journal of Ethnic Foods. 4 (4): 213–220. doi:10.1016/j.jef.2017.11.003. ISSN 2352-6181.
^ abcAslı, Tokman (2001). Negotiating tradition, modernity and identity in consumer space : a study of a shopping mall and revived coffeehouse (Thesis). Bilkent University. hdl:11693/14808.
^Salvatore, Armando; Eickelman, Dale F. (2004). Public Islam and the common good. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-1423711803. OCLC 60826759.
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