Largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
For the solution concept in cooperative game theory, see Nucleolus (game theory).
Nucleolus contained within the cell nucleus
Cell biology
Animal cell diagram
Components of a typical animal cell:
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosome (dots as part of 5)
Vesicle
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus (or, Golgi body)
Cytoskeleton
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Cytosol (fluid that contains organelles; with which, comprises cytoplasm)
Lysosome
Centrosome
Cell membrane
The nucleolus (/njuːˈkliːələs,ˌnjuːkliˈoʊləs/; pl.: nucleoli/-laɪ/) is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.[1] It is best known as the site of ribosome biogenesis, which is the synthesis of ribosomes. The nucleolus also participates in the formation of signal recognition particles and plays a role in the cell's response to stress.[2] Nucleoli are made of proteins, DNA and RNA, and form around specific chromosomal regions called nucleolar organizing regions. Malfunction of nucleoli can be the cause of several human conditions called "nucleolopathies"[3][4] and the nucleolus is being investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy.[5][6]
^O'Sullivan JM, Pai DA, Cridge AG, Engelke DR, Ganley AR (June 2013). "The nucleolus: a raft adrift in the nuclear sea or the keystone in nuclear structure?". Biomolecular Concepts. 4 (3): 277–86. doi:10.1515/bmc-2012-0043. PMC 5100006. PMID 25436580.
^Olson MO, Dundr M (16 February 2015). "Nucleolus: Structure and Function". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (eLS). doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0005975.pub3. ISBN 978-0-470-01617-6.
^Hetman M (June 2014). "Role of the nucleolus in human diseases. Preface". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1842 (6): 757. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.03.004. PMID 24631655.
^Bahadori, M; Azizi, MH; Dabiri, S; Bahadori, N (2022). "Effects of Human Nucleolus Upon Guest Viral-Life, Focusing in COVID-19 Infection: A Mini- Review". Iranian Journal of Pathology. 17 (1): 1–7. doi:10.30699/IJP.2021.540305.2744. PMC 8794558. PMID 35096082.
^Quin JE, Devlin JR, Cameron D, Hannan KM, Pearson RB, Hannan RD (June 2014). "Targeting the nucleolus for cancer intervention". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease. 1842 (6): 802–16. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.12.009. hdl:11343/44176. PMID 24389329.
^Woods SJ, Hannan KM, Pearson RB, Hannan RD (July 2015). "The nucleolus as a fundamental regulator of the p53 response and a new target for cancer therapy". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms. 1849 (7): 821–9. doi:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.10.007. PMID 25464032.
called "nucleolopathies" and the nucleolus is being investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy. The nucleolus was identified by bright-field microscopy...
Nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) are chromosomal regions crucial for the formation of the nucleolus. In humans, the NORs are located on the short arms...
(NOR). The main roles of the nucleolus are to synthesize rRNA and assemble ribosomes. The structural cohesion of the nucleolus depends on its activity, as...
Rossiteria nucleolus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. The height of the shell attains 5...
also called nucleolus organizer regions, as they give rise to the nucleolus. In rDNA, the tandem repeats are mostly found in the nucleolus; but heterochromatic...
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In mammals, the nucleolus of the oocyte is derived solely from maternal cells. The nucleolus, a structure found within the nucleus...
condensation of the chromatin reticulum and the disappearance of the nucleolus. Microscopy can be used to visualize condensed chromosomes as they move...
speed, in the nucleolus, which contains all 45S rRNA genes. The only exception is the 5S rRNA which is transcribed outside the nucleolus. After transcription...
28S and 5S rRNA. Three of the rRNA molecules are synthesized in the nucleolus, and one is synthesized elsewhere. In the cytoplasm, ribosomal RNA and...
Nucleolus and neural progenitor protein (NEPRO) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEPRO gene. NEPRO functions as a Notch effector for the...
Cell biology Animal cell diagram Components of a typical animal cell: Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosome (dots as part of 5) Vesicle Rough endoplasmic reticulum...
Cell biology Animal cell diagram Components of a typical animal cell: Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosome (dots as part of 5) Vesicle Rough endoplasmic reticulum...
center, which contains its nucleus, named the germinal vesicle, and the nucleolus, called the germinal disc. The ooplasm consists of the cytoplasm of the...
The resulting payoff vector is the nucleolus. Although the definition does not explicitly state it, the nucleolus is always unique. (See Section II.7...
condense to form shorter more visible strands called chromosomes, the nucleolus disappears, and the mitotic spindle begins to assemble from the two centrosomes...
noradrenaline Nitrite oxidoreductase, an enzyme Nucleolus organizer region, a chromosomal region around which the nucleolus forms in cell biology Norfolk Orbital...
Cell biology Animal cell diagram Components of a typical animal cell: Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosome (dots as part of 5) Vesicle Rough endoplasmic reticulum...
nucleoplasm include chromosomes, various proteins, nuclear bodies, the nucleolus, nucleoporins, nucleotides, and nuclear speckles. The soluble, liquid...
centriole and microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) cytoskeleton flagellum nucleolus stress granule germ cell granule neuronal transport granule The mechanisms...
Cell biology Animal cell diagram Components of a typical animal cell: Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosome (dots as part of 5) Vesicle Rough endoplasmic reticulum...
segregates the DNA from the cytoplasm, disintegrates into small vesicles. The nucleolus, which makes ribosomes in the cell, also disappears. Microtubules project...
pseudouridine formation) at specific sites by approximately 150 different small nucleolus-restricted RNA species, called snoRNAs. SnoRNAs associate with proteins...
constrictions indicate sites of nucleolus formation and are called "nucleolar organizing regions" (NORs). The nucleolus in the nucleus remains associated...
whose secondary constriction is associated with the formation of the nucleolus are referred to as nucleolar SAT-chromosomes. There are at least 4 SAT...
modification of the transcription machinery of the nucleus. CBs are bound to the nucleolus by coilin proteins. P80-coilin is a specific marker for coiled bodies...
are located inside the nucleolus and are transcribed into pre-5S rRNA by RNA polymerase III. The pre-5S rRNA enters the nucleolus for processing and assembly...
cell. During telophase, the effects of prophase and prometaphase (the nucleolus and nuclear membrane disintegrating) are reversed. As chromosomes reach...
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