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In human physiology, nitrogen balance is the net difference between bodily nitrogen intake (ingestion) and loss (excretion):
Nitrogen is a fundamental chemical component of amino acids, the molecular building blocks of protein. Nitrogen balance may therefore be used as an index of protein metabolism.[1] When more nitrogen is gained than is lost by an individual, they are considered "in positive nitrogen balance" and a state of overall protein anabolism. In contrast, a "negative nitrogen balance", in which more nitrogen is lost than is gained, indicates a state of overall protein catabolism.[2]
The body obtains nitrogen from dietary protein, sources of which include meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, nuts, legumes, cereals, and grains. Nitrogen loss occurs largely through urine in the form of urea, as well as through feces, sweat, and hair and skin growth.
Blood urea nitrogen and urine urea nitrogen tests can be used to estimate nitrogen balance.
^World Health Organization Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. WHO Technical Report Series 935 [1]
^Dickerson, Roland (April 2016). "Nitrogen Balance and Protein Requirements for Critically Ill Older Patients". Nutrients. 8 (4): 226. doi:10.3390/nu8040226. PMC 4848694. PMID 27096868.
was a slightly positive nitrogenbalance. Then one amino acid was omitted and the nitrogenbalance recorded. If a positive balance continued, then that amino...
production of flavonols by the plant. The NBI (NitrogenBalance Index) by Force-A, allows the assessment of nitrogen conditions of a culture by calculating the...
Urine urea nitrogen (UUN) refers to a test that measures the urine urea to assess nitrogenbalance. Urea nitrogen is the end product of breakdown of proteins...
Nitrogen assimilation is the formation of organic nitrogen compounds like amino acids from inorganic nitrogen compounds present in the environment. Organisms...
JSTOR 42934020. Barsdate, Robert J.; Alexander, Vera (January 1975). "The NitrogenBalance of Arctic Tundra: Pathways, Rates, and Environmental Implications"...
are the major source of nitrogen in food. BV assumes protein is the only source of nitrogen and measures the amount of nitrogen ingested in relation to...
catabolism of protein, carbohydrates and triglycerides, and a negative nitrogenbalance in the body. Outward symptoms of hypermetabolism may include: Weight...
(others) Amino acid score Protein quality Net protein utilization Nitrogenbalance Boutrif, E., Food Quality and Consumer Protection Group, Food Policy...
tryptophan, and valine. Like cats, dogs require arginine to maintain nitrogenbalance. These nutritional requirements place dogs halfway between carnivores...
Corrected Amino Acid Score Protein quality Net protein utilization Nitrogenbalance "FAO proposes new protein quality measurement. March 2013". Archived...
the urine is greater than that ingested, this leads to a negative nitrogenbalance. Growth retardation: This can occur in cases of relapse or resistance...
contested, however, due to lack of data. Protein efficiency ratio Nitrogenbalance "Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein: Dietary...
total parenteral nutrition with growth, development, and positive nitrogenbalance". Surgery. 64 (1): 134–42. PMID 4968812. "Patients who cannot eat food...
Laflamme, D. P. (2013). "Discrepancy between use of lean body mass or nitrogenbalance to determine protein requirements for adult cats". Journal of Feline...
Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) Net protein utilization Nitrogenbalance Biological value "Protein - Elements within the Nutrition Facts Table...
as an adjunct to therapy for conditions characterized by a negative nitrogenbalance. The drug is often used off-label to preserve lean mass in HIV/AIDS...
impaired wound healing; this response is reduced by improving whole-body nitrogenbalance as well as preserving lean body mass during recovery. As of 2019, oxandrolone...
ulcerative esophagitis. Metabolic: protein catabolism which causes negative nitrogenbalance. Musculoskeletal: muscle weakness, loss of muscle mass, steroid myopathy...
overestimating protein quality. Other older methods like BV, PER, NPU and nitrogenbalance may not reveal much about the amino acid profile and digestibility...
Del Rio, C; Izhaki, I; Arad, Z (2005). "Can birds be ammonotelic? Nitrogenbalance and excretion in two frugivores". Journal of Experimental Biology....
Martin EW. (1968). The Effects of Dietary Protein on the Energy and NitrogenBalance of the Tree Sparrow Spizella-Arborea-Arborea. Physiological Zoology...
Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. A stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia...
del Rio, C.; Izhaki, I.; Arad, Z. (2005). "Can birds be ammonotelic? Nitrogenbalance and excretion in two frugivores" (PDF). The Journal of Experimental...
During management exomphalos can act as a metabolic drain affecting nitrogenbalance which can lead to failure to thrive, as well as hypothermia. Use of...
has a maximum protein sparing effect and to the amount derived from nitrogenbalance Based on 0.8 g/kg of body weight (RDA). using a median intake of 2...
laughing gas, nitrous, nitro, or nos, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula N 2O. At room temperature, it is a colourless non-flammable...
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