Species of pathogenic bacteria that causes tuberculosis
This article is about the bacterium. For the infection, see Tuberculosis.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
M. tuberculosis colonies
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Actinomycetota
Class:
Actinomycetia
Order:
Mycobacteriales
Family:
Mycobacteriaceae
Genus:
Mycobacterium
Species:
M. tuberculosis
Binomial name
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Zopf 1883
Synonyms
Tubercle bacillus Koch 1882
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(December 2022)
M. tuberculosis in the lungs, showing large cavities the bacteria have dissolved
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.[1][2] First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid. This coating makes the cells impervious to Gram staining, and as a result, M. tuberculosis can appear weakly Gram-positive.[3] Acid-fast stains such as Ziehl–Neelsen, or fluorescent stains such as auramine are used instead to identify M. tuberculosis with a microscope. The physiology of M. tuberculosis is highly aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen. Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, it infects the lungs. The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the tuberculin skin test, acid-fast stain, culture, and polymerase chain reaction.[2][4]
The M. tuberculosis genome was sequenced in 1998.[5][6]
^ abRyan KJ, Ray CG (2004). "Mycobacteria". Sherris Medical Microbiology : an Introduction to Infectious Diseases (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-83-858529-0.
^Fu LM, Fu-Liu CS (1 January 2002). "Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis a closer relative to Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacterial pathogens?". Tuberculosis. 82 (2–3): 85–90. doi:10.1054/tube.2002.0328. PMID 12356459.
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