Mycobacterium is a genus of over 190 species in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and leprosy (M. leprae) in humans. The Greek prefix myco- means 'fungus', alluding to this genus' mold-like colony surfaces.[3] Since this genus has cell walls with a waxy lipid-rich outer layer that contains high concentrations of mycolic acid,[4] acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types.[5]
Mycobacterial species are generally aerobic, non-motile, and capable of growing with minimal nutrients. The genus is divided based on each species' pigment production and growth rate.[6] While most Mycobacterium species are non-pathogenic, the genus' characteristic complex cell wall contributes to evasion from host defenses.[7]
^Lehmann KB, Neumann R (1896). Atlas und Grundriss der Bakteriologie und Lehrbuch der speziellen bakteriologischen Diagnostik [Atlas and Outline of Bacteriology and Textbook of Special Bacteriological Diagnostics] (1st ed.). München: J.F. Lehmann.
^Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Mycobacterium". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved June 16, 2021.[permanent dead link]
^Mycobacteria: Health Advisory (PDF). Environmental Protection Agency (Report). August 1999.
^Batt SM, Minnikin DE, Besra GS (May 2020). "The thick waxy coat of mycobacteria, a protective layer against antibiotics and the host's immune system". The Biochemical Journal. 477 (10): 1983–2006. doi:10.1042/BCJ20200194. PMC 7261415. PMID 32470138.
^Pennington KM, Vu A, Challener D, Rivera CG, Shweta FN, Zeuli JD, Temesgen Z (August 2021). "Approach to the diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease". Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases. 24: 100244. doi:10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100244. PMC 8135042. PMID 34036184.
^Forbes BA, Hall GS, Miller MB, Novak SM, Rowlinson MC, Salfinger M, et al. (April 2018). "Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Mycobacteria". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 31 (2): e00038–17. doi:10.1128/CMR.00038-17. PMC 5967691. PMID 29386234.
^Cite error: The named reference Dulberger_2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Mycobacterium is a genus of over 190 species in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative...
Mycobacterium avium complex is a group of mycobacteria comprising Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium avium that are commonly grouped because...
Mycobacterium leprae (also known as the leprosy bacillus or Hansen's bacillus) is one of the two species of bacteria that cause Hansen's disease (leprosy)...
Mycobacterium bovis is a slow-growing (16- to 20-hour generation time) aerobic bacterium and the causative agent of tuberculosis in cattle (known as bovine...
Mycobacterium marinum is a slow growing fresh and saltwater mycobacterium (SGM) belonging to the genus Mycobacterium and the phylum Actinobacteria. It...
Mycobacterium vaccae is a nonpathogenic species of the Mycobacteriaceae family of bacteria that lives naturally in soil. Its name originates from the...
Mycobacterium smegmatis is an acid-fast bacterial species in the phylum Actinomycetota and the genus Mycobacterium. It is 3.0 to 5.0 μm long with a bacillus...
Mycobacteroides abscessus (formerly Mycobacterium abscessus) is a species of rapidly growing, multidrug-resistant, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) that...
Mycobacterium kansasii is a bacterium in the Mycobacterium genus. It is an environmental bacteria that causes opportunistic infections in humans, and is...
Mycobacterium fortuitum is a nontuberculous species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of...
Mycobacterium neoaurum is a rapid growing Mycobacterium, it can found in soil and as well as known to be isolated from patient isolates. Heckman, GA;...
affects the small intestine of ruminants. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Infections normally affect ruminants...
Mycobacterium porcinum is a species of Mycobacterium. Taddei, R.; Barbieri, I.; Pacciarini, M.L.; Fallacara, F.; Belletti, G.L.; Arrigoni, N. (August 2008)...
Mycobacterium avium is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla...
Mycobacterium ulcerans is a species of bacteria found in various aquatic environments. The bacteria can infect humans and some other animals, causing...
Mycobacteroides chelonae (formerly Mycobacterium chelonae) is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota belonging to the genus Mycobacteroides...
Mycobacterium orygis is a species of the tuberculosis complex of the genus Mycobacterium. It causes tuberculosis in oryx, rhinos, dairy cattle, rhesus...
Mycobacterium lepromatosis is an aerobic, acid-fast bacillus (AFB), and the second known causative agent of Hansen's disease (leprosy). It was discovered...
Mycobacterium canettii, a novel pathogenic taxon of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), was first reported in 1969 by the French microbiologist...
Mycobacterium xenopi is a slow-growing scotochromogenic species of Mycobacterium. It was first reported by Schwabacher in 1959, having been isolated in...
Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of...
"Mycobacterium avium hominissuis" is a subspecies of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of...
Mycobacterium gordonae is a species of Mycobacterium named for Ruth E. Gordon. It is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with...
Mycobacterium cookii is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla...
Mycobacterium rhodesiae is a species of Mycobacterium. Euzéby JP. "Mycobacterium rhodesiae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)...