Peaceful and voluntary submission of Qocho and the Karluks
Destruction of remnant Merkit and Naimans
Annexation of the Qara Khitai Khanate
Conquest of the Khwarazmian dynasty
Conquest of Cumania
Territorial changes
Mongol Empire gains control most of Central Asia
Belligerents
Mongol Empire
and vassals: Qocho Karluks
Merkit and Naimans
Qara Khitai Khanate Cumania
Khwarazmian dynasty
Commanders and leaders
Genghis Khan
Jochi
Chaghatai
Ögedei
Tolui
Subutai
Jebe
Jelme (POW)
Mukali
Khubilai
Qasar
Bo'orchu †
Sorkin-shara
Barchuq Art Tegin
Arslan Khan
Ozar
Kuchlug
Qudu
Ala ad-Din Muhammad Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu
Inalchuq
Temur Meliq
Strength
100,000-150,000
Around 100,000
40,000+ men
Casualties and losses
Around 50,000+
60,000-70,000 men
most soldiers killed, 1.7 million killed (25% of the population)[1]
v
t
e
Mongol invasions and conquests
Asia
Burma
First
Second
Central Asia
Qara Khitai
Khwarezm
China
Western Xia
Jin
Eastern Xia
Song
Western Asia
Georgia
Anatolia
Persia
Nizari state
Levant
Palestine
Other invasions
India
Japan
Java
Korea
Sakhalin
Siberia
Tibet
Vietnam
Europe
Kievan Rus
Volga Bulgaria
Cumania
Durdzuketi
Circassia
Alania
Poland (First, Second, Third)
Hungary (First, Second)
Holy Roman Empire
Bulgaria and Serbia
Latin Empire
Lithuania
Byzantine Thrace
Serbia
Mongol campaigns in Central Asia occurred after the unification of the Mongol and Turkic tribes on the Mongolian plateau in 1206. Smaller military operations of the Mongol Empire in Central Asia included the destruction of surviving Merkit and Naimans (which involved forays into Cumania) and the conquest of Qara Khitai. These were followed by a major campaign against Khwarazm. Expansion into Central Asia began in 1209 as Genghis Khan sent an expedition to pursue rivals who had fled to the region and threatened his new empire.[2] The Uyghur kingdom Qocho and leaders of the Karluks submitted voluntarily to the Mongol Empire and married into the imperial family. By 1218 the Mongols controlled all of Xinjiang and by 1221 all the territories of the former Khwarazmian Empire. In 1236, the Mongols defeated the eastern portions of Cumania and swept into Eastern Europe.
^John Man, "Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection", February 6, 2007. Page 180.
^May, Timothy (May 2008). "The Mongol Empire in World History". World History Connected. 5 (2). University of Illinois Press.
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