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Mongol conquest of China
Part of the Mongol invasions and conquests
Mongol campaigns located in modern-day China.
Date
1205–1279 (74 years)
Location
China proper, Mongolian Plateau, Tarim Basin
Result
Mongol victory
Territorial changes
Founding of the Yuan dynasty, reunification of China
Belligerents
Pre-1234 northern campaigns
Mongol Empire
Western Xia (1210–1219)
Southern Song
Eastern Liao
Goryeo
Pre-1234 northern campaigns
Western Xia
Jin
Eastern Xia
Later Liao
Post-1234 southern campaigns
Mongol Empire (until 1271)
Yuan (from 1271)
Dali Kingdom
Eastern Liao
Post-1234 southern campaigns
Southern Song
Dali Kingdom (1252–1253)
Commanders and leaders
Genghis Khan #
Ögedei Khan
Güyük Khan
Möngke Khan (DOW)
Kublai Khan
Subutai
Jebe
Muqali
Tolui
Qarachar
Bayan
Aju
Shi Tianze
Zhang Hongfan
Guo Kan
Emperor Huanzong of Western Xia
Emperor Xiangzong of Western Xia
Emperor Xianzong of Western Xia
Emperor Mo of Western Xia
Wanyan Yongji X
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin †
Emperor Aizong of Jin †
Emperor Mo of Jin †
Emperor Lizong of Song
Emperor Duzong of Song
Emperor Gong of Song
Emperor Duanzong of Song
Emperor Bing of Song †
Jia Sidao
Zhang Shijie
Wen Tianxiang
v
t
e
Mongol–Jin War
Yehuling
Huailai
Zhenyou
Zhongdu
Dachangyuan
Weizhou
Daohuigu
Sanfengshan
Kaifeng
Caizhou
v
t
e
Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty
Mianzhou
Jingxiang
Diaoyucheng
Xiangyang
Ezhou
Dingjiazhou
Yamen
The Mongol conquest of China was a series of major military efforts by the Mongol Empire to conquer various empires ruling over China for 74 years (1205–1279). It spanned seven decades in the 13th century and involved the defeat of the Jin dynasty, Western Liao, Western Xia, Tibet, the Dali Kingdom, the Southern Song, and the Eastern Xia. The Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan started the conquest with small-scale raids into Western Xia in 1205 and 1207.
In 1279, the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan formally established the Yuan dynasty in the Chinese tradition, having crushed the last Song resistance, marking the reunification of China under Mongol rule, the first time that non-Han people had ruled the entire country. It was the first time that Tibet was unified with the rest of China.[1]
^Hugh D. Walker "Traditional Sino-Korean Diplomatic Relations : A Realistic Historical Appraisal", Monumenta Serica, Vol. 24 (1965), pp. 155–16, (p.159)
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