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Diverse microbial communities of characteristic microbiota are part of plant microbiomes, and are found on the outside surfaces and in the internal tissues of the host plant, as well as in the surrounding soil.[1]
Microbiota are the range of microorganisms that may be commensal, mutualistic, or pathogenic found in and on all multicellular organisms, including plants. Microbiota include bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses,[2][3] and have been found to be crucial for immunologic, hormonal, and metabolic homeostasis of their host.
The term microbiome describes either the collective genomes of the microbes that reside in an ecological niche or else the microbes themselves.[4][5][6]
The microbiome and host emerged during evolution as a synergistic unit from epigenetics and genetic characteristics, sometimes collectively referred to as a holobiont.[7][8] The presence of microbiota in human and other metazoan guts has been critical for understanding the co-evolution between metazoans and bacteria.[9][10] Microbiota play key roles in the intestinal immune and metabolic responses via their fermentation product (short-chain fatty acid), acetate.[11]
^Dastogeer, K.M., Tumpa, F.H., Sultana, A., Akter, M.A. and Chakraborty, A. (2020) "Plant microbiome–an account of the factors that shape community composition and diversity". Current Plant Biology, 23: 100161. doi:10.1016/j.cpb.2020.100161. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
^De Sordi, Luisa; Lourenço, Marta; Debarbieux, Laurent (2019). "The battle within: interactions of bacteriophages and bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract". Cell Host & Microbe. 25 (2): 210–218. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.018. PMID 30763535. S2CID 73455329.
^Peterson, J; Garges, S; et al. (2009). "The NIH Human Microbiome Project". Genome Research. 19 (12). NIH HMP Working Group: 2317–2323. doi:10.1101/gr.096651.109. PMC 2792171. PMID 19819907.
^Backhed, F.; Ley, R. E.; Sonnenburg, J. L.; Peterson, D. A.; Gordon, J. I. (2005). "Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine". Science. 307 (5717): 1915–1920. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1915B. doi:10.1126/science.1104816. PMID 15790844. S2CID 6332272.
^Turnbaugh, P. J.; Ley, R. E.; Hamady, M.; Fraser-Liggett, C. M.; Knight, R.; Gordon, J. I. (2007). "The Human Microbiome Project". Nature. 449 (7164): 804–810. Bibcode:2007Natur.449..804T. doi:10.1038/nature06244. PMC 3709439. PMID 17943116.
^Ley, R. E.; Peterson, D. A.; Gordon, J. I. (2006). "Ecological and Evolutionary Forces Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Human Intestine". Cell. 124 (4): 837–848. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.017. PMID 16497592. S2CID 17203181.
^Salvucci, E. (2016). "Microbiome, holobiont and the net of life". Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 42 (3): 485–494. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2014.962478. hdl:11336/33456. PMID 25430522. S2CID 30677140.
^Guerrero, R.; Margulis, Lynn; Berlanga, M. (2013). "Symbiogenesis: The holobiont as a unit of evolution". International Microbiology. 16 (3): 133–143. doi:10.2436/20.1501.01.188. PMID 24568029.
^Davenport, Emily R et al. "The human microbiome in evolution". BMC Biology. vol. 15,1 127. 27 Dec. 2017, doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0454-7
^"Evolution of the human gut flora".
Andrew H. Moeller, Yingying Li, Eitel Mpoudi Ngole, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf, Anne E. Pusey, Martine Peeters, Beatrice H. Hahn, Howard Ochman.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Nov 2014, 111 (46) 16431–16435; doi:10.1073/pnas.1419136111
^Jugder, Bat-Erdene; Kamareddine, Layla; Watnick, Paula I. (2021). "Microbiota-derived acetate activates intestinal innate immunity via the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase complex". Immunity. 54 (8): 1683–1697.e3. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.017. ISSN 1074-7613. PMC 8363570. PMID 34107298.
Microbiota are the range of microorganisms that may be commensal, mutualistic, or pathogenic found in and on all multicellular organisms, including plants...
Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts...
The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites...
Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), also known as a stool transplant, is the process of transferring fecal bacteria and other microbes from a healthy individual...
Microbiota is a monotypic genus of evergreen coniferous shrubs in the cypress family Cupressaceae, containing only one species, Microbiota decussata (Siberian...
Fecal microbiota, sold under the brand name, Rebyota is used for the prevention of recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection. The most commonly...
characterized by a disruption to the microbiome resulting in an imbalance in the microbiota, changes in their functional composition and metabolic activities, or...
Vaginal flora, vaginal microbiota or vaginal microbiome are the microorganisms that colonize the vagina. They were discovered by the German gynecologist...
Human microbiota are microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and archaea) found in a specific environment. They can be found in the stomach, intestines, skin...
humans, Prevotella species are members of the oral, vaginal, and gut microbiota and are often recovered from anaerobic infections of the respiratory tract...
The vaginal flora in pregnancy, or vaginal microbiota in pregnancy, is different from the vaginal flora (the population of microorganisms that resides...
Oral microbiology is the study of the microorganisms (microbiota) of the oral cavity and their interactions between oral microorganisms or with the host...
The lung microbiota is the pulmonary microbial community consisting of a complex variety of microorganisms found in the lower respiratory tract particularly...
Skin flora, also called skin microbiota, refers to microbiota (communities of microorganisms) that reside on the skin, typically human skin. Many of them...
explanatory paragraph clearly separates the term microbiota from the term microbiome. The microbiota consists of all living members forming the microbiome...
microbiome.[failed verification] The phylum Bacillota as part of the gut microbiota has been shown to be involved in energy resorption, and potentially related...
antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Antibiotics can contribute to detrimental changes in gut microbiota; specifically, they decrease short-chain fatty acid absorption which results...
normally a major part of the vaginal microbiota. Lactobacillus forms biofilms in the vaginal and gut microbiota, allowing them to persist during harsh...
initial acquisition of microbiota is the formation of an organism's microbiota immediately before and after birth. The microbiota (also called flora) are...
remains an attractive option. Fecal microbiota transplants involve transferring the full intestinal microbiota from a healthy human donor (in the form...
the major genera of bacteria that make up the gastrointestinal tract microbiota in mammals. Some bifidobacteria are used as probiotics. Before the 1960s...
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