Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), also known as a stool transplant,[2] is the process of transferring fecal bacteria and other microbes from a healthy individual into another individual. FMT is an effective treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).[3][4][5] For recurrent CDI, FMT is more effective than vancomycin alone, and may improve the outcome after the first index infection.[3][5][6]
Side effects may include a risk of infections, therefore the donor should be screened for pathogens.[7]
With CDI becoming more common, FMT is gaining increasing prominence, with some experts calling for it to become the first-line therapy for CDI.[8] FMT has been used experimentally to treat other gastrointestinal diseases, including colitis, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's.[9][10] In the United States, human feces has been regulated as an experimental drug since 2013. In the United Kingdom, FMT regulation is under the remit of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency.[11]
^Rowan K (October 20, 2012). "'Poop Transplants' May Combat Bacterial Infections". LiveScience. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2012.
^ abCite error: The named reference vanNood2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Moayyedi P, Yuan Y, Baharith H, Ford AC (August 2017). "Faecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials". The Medical Journal of Australia. 207 (4): 166–172. doi:10.5694/mja17.00295. PMID 28814204. S2CID 24780848.
^ abBaunwall SM, Andreasen SE, Hansen MM, Kelsen J, Høyer KL, Rågård N, et al. (December 2022). "Faecal microbiota transplantation for first or second Clostridioides difficile infection (EarlyFMT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 7 (12): 1083–1091. doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00276-X. PMID 36152636. S2CID 252483680.
^Baunwall SM, Lee MM, Eriksen MK, Mullish BH, Marchesi JR, Dahlerup JF, et al. (December 2020). "Faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis". eClinicalMedicine. 29–30: 100642. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100642. PMC 7788438. PMID 33437951.
^"Fecal Microbiota for Transplantation: Safety Alert - Risk of Serious Adverse Events Likely Due to Transmission of Pathogenic Organisms". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). March 12, 2020. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved March 21, 2020.
^Cite error: The named reference Brandt was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference BorodyKhoruts2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Borody TJ, Paramsothy S, Agrawal G (August 2013). "Fecal microbiota transplantation: indications, methods, evidence, and future directions". Current Gastroenterology Reports. 15 (8): 337. doi:10.1007/s11894-013-0337-1. PMC 3742951. PMID 23852569.
^Mullish BH, Quraishi MN, Segal JP, McCune VL, Baxter M, Marsden GL, et al. (November 2018). "The use of faecal microbiota transplant as treatment for recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection and other potential indications: joint British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS) guidelines". Gut. 67 (11): 1920–1941. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316818. hdl:10044/1/61310. PMID 30154172.
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