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Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria.[2][3] Until 2020, the genus Lactobacillus comprised over 260 phylogenetically, ecologically, and metabolically diverse species; a taxonomic revision of the genus assigned lactobacilli to 25 genera (see § Taxonomy below).[3]
Lactobacillus species constitute a significant component of the human and animal microbiota at a number of body sites, such as the digestive system, and the female genital system.[4] In women of European ancestry, Lactobacillus species are normally a major part of the vaginal microbiota.[5][6]Lactobacillus forms biofilms in the vaginal and gut microbiota,[7] allowing them to persist during harsh environmental conditions and maintain ample populations.[8]Lactobacillus exhibits a mutualistic relationship with the human body, as it protects the host against potential invasions by pathogens, and in turn, the host provides a source of nutrients.[9] Lactobacilli are among the most common probiotic found in food such as yogurt, and it is diverse in its application to maintain human well-being, as it can help treat diarrhea, vaginal infections, and skin disorders such as eczema.[10]
^ abBeijerinck MW. (1901). "Sur les ferments lactiques de l'industrie" [On industrial dairy fermentation]. Archives Néerlandaises des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (Section 2) [Dutch Archives of Exact and Natural Sciences (Section 2)]. 6: 212–243.
^Makarova K, Slesarev A, Wolf Y, Sorokin A, Mirkin B, Koonin E, et al. (October 2006). "Comparative genomics of the lactic acid bacteria". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (42): 15611–6. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10315611M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0607117103. PMC 1622870. PMID 17030793.
^ abZheng, Jinshui; Wittouck, Stijn; Salvetti, Elisa; Franz, Charles M.A.P.; Harris, Hugh M.B.; Mattarelli, Paola; O’Toole, Paul W.; Pot, Bruno; Vandamme, Peter; Walter, Jens; Watanabe, Koichi (2020). "A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (4): 2782–2858. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004107. hdl:10067/1738330151162165141. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 32293557. S2CID 215771564.
^Duar, Rebbeca M.; Lin, Xiaoxi B.; Zheng, Jinshui; Martino, Maria Elena; Grenier, Théodore; Pérez-Muñoz, María Elisa; Leulier, François; Gänzle, Michael; Walter, Jens (August 2017). "Lifestyles in transition: evolution and natural history of the genus Lactobacillus". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 41 (Supp_1): S27–S48. doi:10.1093/femsre/fux030. ISSN 1574-6976. PMID 28673043.
^Ma B, Forney LJ, Ravel J (20 September 2012). "Vaginal microbiome: rethinking health and disease". Annual Review of Microbiology. 66 (1): 371–89. doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-092611-150157. PMC 3780402. PMID 22746335.
^Fettweis JM, Brooks JP, Serrano MG, Sheth NU, Girerd PH, Edwards DJ, Strauss JF, Jefferson KK, Buck GA (October 2014). "Differences in vaginal microbiome in African American women versus women of European ancestry". Microbiology. 160 (Pt 10): 2272–2282. doi:10.1099/mic.0.081034-0. PMC 4178329. PMID 25073854.
^Lin, Xiaoxi B.; Wang, Tuo; Stothard, Paul; Corander, Jukka; Wang, Jun; Baines, John F.; Knowles, Sarah C. L.; Baltrūnaitė, Laima; Tasseva, Guergana; Schmaltz, Robert; Tollenaar, Stephanie (November 2018). "The evolution of ecological facilitation within mixed-species biofilms in the mouse gastrointestinal tract". The ISME Journal. 12 (11): 2770–2784. Bibcode:2018ISMEJ..12.2770L. doi:10.1038/s41396-018-0211-0. ISSN 1751-7370. PMC 6193996. PMID 30013162.
^Salas-Jara MJ, Ilabaca A, Vega M, García A (September 2016). "Biofilm Forming Lactobacillus: New Challenges for the Development of Probiotics". Microorganisms. 4 (3): 35. doi:10.3390/microorganisms4030035. PMC 5039595. PMID 27681929.
^Martín R, Miquel S, Ulmer J, Kechaou N, Langella P, Bermúdez-Humarán LG (July 2013). "Role of commensal and probiotic bacteria in human health: a focus on inflammatory bowel disease". Microbial Cell Factories. 12 (71): 71. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-12-71. PMC 3726476. PMID 23876056.
^Inglin R (2017). Combined Phenotypic-Genotypic Analyses of the Genus Lactobacillus and Selection of Cultures for Biopreservation of Fermented Food. ETHZ research collection (Ph.D. thesis). ETH Zurich. doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000214904. hdl:20.500.11850/214904.
In women of European ancestry, Lactobacillus species are normally a major part of the vaginal microbiota. Lactobacillus forms biofilms in the vaginal and...
genus are more common, including Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii, and Lactobacillus iners. In experiments, L. acidophilus...
O'Toole, PW. (May 2010). "Probiotic properties of Lactobacillus salivarius and closely related Lactobacillus species". Future Microbiol. 5 (5): 759–74. doi:10...
taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of...
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus arabinosus and Lactobacillus plantarum) is a widespread member of the genus Lactiplantibacillus and...
Lactobacillus crispatus is a common, rod-shaped species of genus Lactobacillus and is a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) producing beneficial microbiota species...
Lactobacillus gasseri is a species in the genus Lactobacillus identified in 1980 by François Gasser and his associates. It is part of the vaginal flora...
Lactobacillus iners is a species in the genus Lactobacillus. It is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium. Lactobacillus...
casei Shirota bacteria. The strain was originally classified as being Lactobacillus casei. Yakult is prepared by adding glucose to skimmed milk and heating...
digestion of food in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Lactobacillus jensenii and other Lactobacillus species that produce hydrogen peroxide, (most notably...
Kandler, O (1983). "Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus leichmannii and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Subjective Synonyms of Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and Description...
Fujinaga, S.; Benno, Y.; Nakase, T. (1994-07-01). "Lactobacillus kefirgranum sp. nov. and Lactobacillus parakefir sp. nov., Two New Species from Kefir Grains"...
the use of lactobacillus vaccines in recurrent urinary tract infections using modern formulations of the vaccine. The inventor of lactobacillus vaccines...
Lactobacillus helveticus is a lactic-acid producing, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus. It is most commonly used in the production of American...
taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of...
taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of...
taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of...
Lactobacillus gallinarum is a species in the genus Lactobacillus. Its type strain is ATCC 33199. L. gallinarum is a native probiotic to chickens. L. gallinarum...
Lactobacillus porci is a species of bacteria that falls within the Lactobacillus genus. Like other species in this genus, L. porci are gram-positive rods...
Lactobacillus bulgaricus), plant-based products usually contain different bacterial strains than yogurt, such as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus...
Lactobacillus acetotolerans (Neo-Latin 'vinegar-tolerating milk-bacillus') is a species of gram positive bacteria in the genus Lactobacillus. Discovered...
Lactobacillus johnsonii is a species in the genus Lactobacillus identified in 1980 by John L. Johnson, an American microbiologist and his associates....
definition, lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) do not form spores. Therefore, using the name Lactobacillus sporogenes is scientifically...
"Lactobacillus thermophilus" is a gram-positive, non-motile, non-sporulating rod-shaped bacterium. It belongs to the genus Bacillus, but has not been...
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