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The lung microbiota is the pulmonary microbial community consisting of a complex variety of microorganisms found in the lower respiratory tract particularly on the mucous layer and the epithelial surfaces. These microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, viruses and bacteriophages. The bacterial part of the microbiota has been more closely studied. It consists of a core of nine genera: Prevotella, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Fusobacterium, Megasphaera, Veillonella, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus.[1][2][3] They are aerobes as well as anaerobes and aerotolerant bacteria. The microbial communities are highly variable in particular individuals and compose of about 140 distinct families. The bronchial tree for instance contains a mean of 2000 bacterial genomes per cm2 surface. The harmful or potentially harmful bacteria are also detected routinely in respiratory specimens. The most significant are Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. They are known to cause respiratory disorders under particular conditions namely if the human immune system is impaired. The mechanism by which they persist in the lower airways in healthy individuals is unknown.
The fungal genera that are commonly found make up the lung mycobiome, in the microbiota of the lung, and include Candida, Malassezia, Neosartorya, Saccharomyces, and Aspergillus, among others.[4][5]
^Erb-Downward, John R.; Thompson, Deborah L.; Han, Meilan K.; Freeman, Christine M.; McCloskey, Lisa; Schmidt, Lindsay A.; Young, Vincent B.; Toews, Galen B.; et al. (2011). Bereswill, Stefan (ed.). "Analysis of the Lung Microbiome in the "Healthy" Smoker and in COPD". PLOS ONE. 6 (2): e16384. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...616384E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016384. PMC 3043049. PMID 21364979.
^Beck, James M.; Young, Vincent B.; Huffnagle, Gary B. (1 February 2012). "The microbiome of the lung". Translational Research. 160 (4): 258–66. doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2012.02.005. PMC 3440512. PMID 22683412.
^Cui L, Morris A, Ghedin E (July 2013). "The human mycobiome in health and disease". Genome Med. 5 (7): 63. doi:10.1186/gm467. PMC 3978422. PMID 23899327. Figure 2: Distribution of fungal genera in different body sites{{cite journal}}: External link in |quote= (help)
^Richardson, M; Bowyer, P; Sabino, R (1 April 2019). "The human lung and Aspergillus: You are what you breathe in?". Medical Mycology. 57 (Supplement_2): S145–S154. doi:10.1093/mmy/myy149. PMC 6394755. PMID 30816978.
The lungmicrobiota is the pulmonary microbial community consisting of a complex variety of microorganisms found in the lower respiratory tract particularly...
Microbiota are the range of microorganisms that may be commensal, mutualistic, or pathogenic found in and on all multicellular organisms, including plants...
vessels. There is a large presence of microorganisms in the lungs known as the lungmicrobiota that interacts with the airway epithelial cells; an interaction...
bacterial vaginosis microbiota List of microbiota species of the lower reproductive tract of women Lungmicrobiota Gut microbiota Skin flora https://www...
Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts...
fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, and the biliary tract. Types of human microbiota include bacteria, archaea, fungi...
F, Garigliany MM, Daube G, Clercx C (2020-03-24). "Analysis of the lungmicrobiota in dogs with Bordetella bronchiseptica infection and correlation with...
and gut microbiota and are often recovered from anaerobic infections of the respiratory tract. These infections include aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess...
ovarian follicles, lung, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, biliary tract, and gastrointestinal tract. Types of human microbiota include bacteria, archaea...
Oral microbiology is the study of the microorganisms (microbiota) of the oral cavity and their interactions between oral microorganisms or with the host...
vaginal microbiota, and are recovered from anaerobic infections of the respiratory tract. These infections include aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess...
Skin flora, also called skin microbiota, refers to microbiota (communities of microorganisms) that reside on the skin, typically human skin. Many of them...
impairs the normal clearance of mucus from the lungs, which facilitates the colonization and infection of the lungs by bacteria, notably Staphylococcus aureus...
Gollwitzer; Sejal Saglani; Aurélien Trompette; et al. (11 May 2014). "Lungmicrobiota promotes tolerance to allergens in neonates via PD-L1". Nature Medicine...
holobionts has since been carried out in other fields of research: the microbiota of the rhizosphere of plants or the animal gut became predominant models...
direct lung puncture, or the use of trans-tracheal aspiration. Anaerobic gram-positive cocci are part of the normal gastrointestinal microbiota. They are...
also changed the colonic microbiota. Evidence reviewed by Sun and Kato indicates that differences in human colonic microbiota play an important role in...
remains an attractive option. Fecal microbiota transplants involve transferring the full intestinal microbiota from a healthy human donor (in the form...
incidents that prompt product recalls. Most strains are part of the normal microbiota of the gut and are harmless or even beneficial to humans (although these...
and that microbiota can increase this response. Thus the development of ILCs implicated in regulating the immune response against the microbiota in the...
species are ubiquitous, occurring in soil and in the microbiota of animals, including the human microbiota. They are known for the important role they play...
making up the most substantial portion of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota, where they play a fundamental role in processing of complex molecules...
methanogenic archaeon species considered to be a member of the human microbiota, mainly associated to the oral cavity. M. oralis is a coccobacillary shaped...
(2022-01-01). "1.31 - Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Chronic Intestinal Inflammation". In Glibetic M (ed.). Comprehensive Gut Microbiota. Oxford: Elsevier. pp...
shaped bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the...
body List of distinct cell types in the adult human body List of human microbiota "Fluid Physiology". Anaesthesiamcq. Archived from the original on 3 May...
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