positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
detection of visible light
cellular response to light stimulus
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species
Human
Mouse
Entrez
94233
30044
Ensembl
ENSG00000122375
ENSMUSG00000021799
UniProt
Q9UHM6
Q9QXZ9
RefSeq (mRNA)
NM_033282 NM_001030015
NM_001128599 NM_013887
RefSeq (protein)
NP_001025186 NP_150598
NP_001122071 NP_038915
Location (UCSC)
Chr 10: 86.65 – 86.67 Mb
Chr 14: 34.31 – 34.32 Mb
PubMed search
[3]
[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human
View/Edit Mouse
Melanopsin is a type of photopigment belonging to a larger family of light-sensitive retinal proteins called opsins and encoded by the gene Opn4.[5] In the mammalian retina, there are two additional categories of opsins, both involved in the formation of visual images: rhodopsin and photopsin (types I, II, and III) in the rod and cone photoreceptor cells, respectively.
In humans, melanopsin is found in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs).[6] It is also found in the iris of mice and primates.[7] Melanopsin is also found in rats, amphioxus, and other chordates.[8] ipRGCs are photoreceptor cells which are particularly sensitive to the absorption of short-wavelength (blue) visible light and communicate information directly to the area of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), also known as the central "body clock", in mammals.[9] Melanopsin plays an important non-image-forming role in the setting of circadian rhythms as well as other functions. Mutations in the Opn4 gene can lead to clinical disorders, such as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).[10] According to one study, melanopsin has been found in eighteen sites in the human brain (outside the retinohypothalamic tract), intracellularly, in a granular pattern, in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellar cortex and several phylogenetically old regions, primarily in neuronal soma, not in nuclei.[11] Melanopsin is also expressed in human cones. However, only 0.11% to 0.55% of human cones express melanopsin and are exclusively found in the peripheral regions of the retina.[12] The human peripheral retina senses light at high intensities that is best explained by four different photopigment classes.[13]
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000122375 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021799 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Cite error: The named reference Hankins_2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Provencio I, Warthen DM (2012). "Melanopsin, the photopigment of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Membrane Transport and Signaling. 1 (2): 228–237. doi:10.1002/wmts.29.
^Xue T, Do MT, Riccio A, Jiang Z, Hsieh J, Wang HC, et al. (November 2011). "Melanopsin signalling in mammalian iris and retina". Nature. 479 (7371): 67–73. Bibcode:2011Natur.479...67X. doi:10.1038/nature10567. PMC 3270891. PMID 22051675.
^Angueyra JM, Pulido C, Malagón G, Nasi E, Gomez M (2012). "Melanopsin-expressing amphioxus photoreceptors transduce light via a phospholipase C signaling cascade". PLOS ONE. 7 (1): e29813. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...729813A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029813. PMC 3250494. PMID 22235344.
^Cite error: The named reference S Hatt was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference pmid18804284 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Nissilä J, Mänttäri S, Tuominen H, Särkioja T, Takala T, Saarela S, et al. (2012). "P-780 – The abundance and distribution of melanopsin (OPN4) protein in human brain". European Psychiatry. 27: 1–8. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(12)74947-7. S2CID 82045589.
^Dkhissi-Benyahya O, Rieux C, Hut RA, Cooper HM (April 2006). "Immunohistochemical evidence of a melanopsin cone in human retina". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 47 (4): 1636–1641. doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1459. PMID 16565403.
^Horiguchi H, Winawer J, Dougherty RF, Wandell BA (January 2013). "Human trichromacy revisited". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (3): E260–E269. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110E.260H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1214240110. PMC 3549098. PMID 23256158.
Melanopsin is a type of photopigment belonging to a larger family of light-sensitive retinal proteins called opsins and encoded by the gene Opn4. In the...
(ipRGCs), also called photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGC), or melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs), are a type of neuron in the...
light-dark cycles. He also described the role of melanopsin in ipRGCs. Using a rat melanopsin gene, a melanopsin-specific antibody, and fluorescent immunocytochemistry...
rod and cone pigments, melanopsin has the ability to act as both the excitable photopigment and as a photoisomerase. Melanopsin is therefore able to isomerize...
example, melanopsin has an absorption range of 420–540 nm and regulates circadian rhythm and other reflexive processes. Since the melanopsin system does...
visual transduction cascade. Another opsin found in the mammalian retina, melanopsin, is involved in circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex but not in vision...
the intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells of the retina is called melanopsin. These cells are involved in various reflexive responses of the brain...
any potential role would be secondary to the better established role of melanopsin (see also Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell). Sensitivity...
(born 29 June 1965) is an American neuroscientist and the discoverer of melanopsin, an opsin found in specialized photosensitive ganglion cells of the mammalian...
photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC), which contain the photopigment melanopsin. The axons of the ipRGCs belonging to the retinohypothalamic tract project...
involved in conscious vision: rod opsins and cone opsins. (A third type, melanopsin in some retinal ganglion cells (RGC), part of the body clock mechanism...
Specifically, melanopsin is sensitive to blue light with a wavelength of approximately 480 nanometers. The effect this wavelength of light has on melanopsin leads...
Baltimore, MD. He is best known for his investigation into the role of melanopsin and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) in the...
intrinsic photosensitivity of ON alpha RGCs is driven by melanopsin, which was confirmed using melanopsin-deficient (Opn4-/-) mice, as the ON alpha RGCs in these...
cones of vertebrates that are responsible for visual perception, but also melanopsin and others. Biological pigment Epstein, R.J. (2003). Human Molecular Biology:...
melanopsin. The Hesse organs (also known as dorsal ocelli) consist of a photoreceptor cell surrounded by a band of microvilli and bearing melanopsin,...
et al. (2005). Giant retinal ganglion cells contain a photo-pigment, melanopsin, allowing them to respond directly to light. They also receive connections...
In recent years, data have supported melanopsin as the main circadian photoreceptor, in particular melanopsin cells that mediate entrainment and communication...
circadian clock is established via light induction of PER. Light excites melanopsin-containing photosensitive retinal ganglion cells which signal to the suprachiasmatic...
Pupillometry for the Assessment of the Postillumination Pupil Response Driven by Melanopsin-Containing Retinal Ganglion Cells". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual...
light-sensitive cells in the retina, including rod and cone photoreceptors and melanopsin ganglion cells, will send signals to the oculomotor nerve, specifically...
Kumbalasiri T, Rollag MD, Isoldi MC, Castrucci AM, Provencio I (March 2007). "Melanopsin triggers the release of internal calcium stores in response to light"...
light. The photopigment of the retinal photosensitive ganglion cells, melanopsin, is excited by light mainly in the blue portion of the visible spectrum...
Jordan M. Renna; Glen T. Prusky; David M. Berson; Samer Hattar (2010). "Melanopsin-Expressing Retinal Ganglion-Cell Photoreceptors: Cellular Diversity and...
photophobia caused by blue light, pulvinar nuclei associated with the melanopsin containing ipRGCs visual pathway where bilaterally activated. The pulvinar...
Kumbalasiri T, Rollag MD, Isoldi MC, Castrucci AM, Provencio I (March 2007). "Melanopsin triggers the release of internal calcium stores in response to light"...
to those found in the fruit fly. These cells contain the photopigment melanopsin and their signals follow a pathway called the retinohypothalamic tract...
to the giant retinal ganglion cells, contain their own photopigment, melanopsin, which makes them respond directly to light even in the absence of rods...
Global Information
