Cryptochromes (from the Greek κρυπτός χρώμα, "hidden colour") are a class of flavoproteins found in plants and animals that are sensitive to blue light. They are involved in the circadian rhythms and the sensing of magnetic fields in a number of species. The name cryptochrome was proposed as a portmanteau combining the chromatic nature of the photoreceptor, and the cryptogamic organisms on which many blue-light studies were carried out.[1][2]
The genes CRY1 and CRY2 encode the proteins CRY1 and CRY2, respectively.[3] Cryptochromes are classified into plant Cry and animal Cry. Animal Cry can be further categorized into insect type (Type I) and mammal-like (Type II). CRY1 is a circadian photoreceptor whereas CRY2 is a clock repressor which represses Clock/Cycle (Bmal1) complex in insects and vertebrates.[4] In plants, blue-light photoreception can be used to cue developmental signals.[5] Besides chlorophylls, cryptochromes are the only proteins known to form photoinduced radical-pairs in vivo.[6] These appear to enable some animals to detect magnetic fields.
Cryptochromes have been the focus of several current efforts in optogenetics. Employing transfection, initial studies on yeast have capitalized on the potential of CRY2 heterodimerization to control cellular processes, including gene expression, by light.
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Cryptochromes (from the Greek κρυπτός χρώμα, "hidden colour") are a class of flavoproteins found in plants and animals that are sensitive to blue light...
Experiments on migratory birds provide evidence that they make use of a cryptochrome protein in the eye, relying on the quantum radical pair mechanism to...
Earth. In 2000, cryptochrome was proposed as the "magnetic molecule" that could harbor magnetically sensitive radical-pairs. Cryptochrome, a flavoprotein...
circadian rhythm together with photoreceptor protein, such as phytochrome or cryptochrome, to sense seasonal changes in night length, or photoperiod, which they...
clocks in 1990. In 1998, they discovered the cycle gene, clock gene, and cryptochrome photoreceptor in Drosophila through the use of forward genetics, by first...
Denzau S, Malkemper EP, Gross JC, Burda H, Winklhofer M, et al. (2016). "Cryptochrome 1 in Retinal Cone Photoreceptors Suggests a Novel Functional Role in...
Phototropins can be found throughout the leaves of a plant. Along with cryptochromes and phytochromes they allow plants to respond and alter their growth...
Circasemidian rhythm Circaseptan, 7-day biological cycle Cryptochrome CRY1 and CRY2: the cryptochrome family genes Diurnal cycle Light effects on circadian...
flowering time, photosynthesis, biomass accumulation, activation of cryptochrome, and shoot growth. As an adaptive behavior, magnetotropism is recognizing...
initial assumptions that they were cryptochromes. Eukaryotic (6-4)DNA photolyases form a group with animal cryptochromes that control circadian rhythms....
biochemist and plant molecular biologist, best known for identifying cryptochrome photoreceptor proteins. These specialized proteins are critical for plant...
from phytochromes and cryptochromes allow the plant to respond to various kinds of light. Together phytochromes and cryptochromes inhibit gravitropism...
lean mice; and defining structural components of the repressor protein Cryptochrome and how regulation of the nuclear entry of the protein contributes to...
strongly. Humans have, including rhodopsin, nine opsins, as well as cryptochrome (light-sensitive, but not an opsin). Rhodopsin, like other opsins, is...
to far-red light which occurs when the shoot comes out into the open. Cryptochrome 1 responds to increasing amounts of blue light when the shoot reaches...
through the light receptors phytochrome (red and far-red light) and cryptochrome (blue light). Mutations in these photo receptors and their signal transduction...
photosynthesis where light is used as a source of energy. Phytochromes, cryptochromes, and phototropins are photochromic sensory receptors that restrict the...
light-induced reactions in cryptochrome are consistent with its proposed role as a magnetoreceptor Chemical Magnetoreception: Bird Cryptochrome 1a Is Excited by...
Sancar and his research team have discovered that two genes, Period and Cryptochrome, keep the circadian clocks of all human cells in proper rhythm, syncing...
for example rhodopsin in animals), flavin (flavoproteins, for example cryptochrome in plants and animals) and bilin (biliproteins, for example phytochrome...
Benjamin P.; Green, Carla B. (2013-12-06). "Phosphorylation of the cryptochrome 1 C-terminal tail regulates circadian period length". The Journal of...
photoreceptors: phytochrome, cryptochrome, a UV-B photoreceptor, and protochlorophyllide a. The first two of these, phytochrome and cryptochrome, are photoreceptor...
equations of motion (HEOM) approach, which have been applied to plant cryptochromes and bacteria light-harvesting complexes, respectively. Both quantum...
of photoreceptor pigments include: retinal (in rhodopsin) flavin (in cryptochrome) bilin (in phytochrome) In medical terminology, the term photopigment...
while high energy radiations are accepted by carotenoids, flavins, cryptochromes in addition to phytochromes. The photomorphogenic process of phytochrome-mediated...
in the upper beak for magnetoreception, which (in conjunction with cryptochromes in the retina) gives them the ability to sense the direction, polarity...
clopen set, from closed-open set contrail, from condensation and trail cryptochrome, from cryptogam and chromatic cultivar, from cultivated and variety cyborg...
ostia. Many larval sponges possess neuron-less eyes that are based on cryptochromes. They mediate phototaxic behavior. Glass sponges present a distinctive...
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