Mass spectrometry technique that can visualize the spatial distribution of molecules
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to visualize the spatial distribution of molecules, as biomarkers, metabolites, peptides or proteins by their molecular masses. After collecting a mass spectrum at one spot, the sample is moved to reach another region, and so on, until the entire sample is scanned. By choosing a peak in the resulting spectra that corresponds to the compound of interest, the MS data is used to map its distribution across the sample. This results in pictures of the spatially resolved distribution of a compound pixel by pixel. Each data set contains a veritable gallery of pictures because any peak in each spectrum can be spatially mapped. Despite the fact that MSI has been generally considered a qualitative method, the signal generated by this technique is proportional to the relative abundance of the analyte. Therefore, quantification is possible, when its challenges are overcome. Although widely used traditional methodologies like radiochemistry and immunohistochemistry achieve the same goal as MSI, they are limited in their abilities to analyze multiple samples at once, and can prove to be lacking if researchers do not have prior knowledge of the samples being studied.[1] Most common ionization technologies in the field of MSI are DESI imaging, MALDI imaging, secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging (SIMS imaging) and Nanoscale SIMS (NanoSIMS).[2][3][4]
^Monroe E, Annangudi S, Hatcher N, Gutstein H, Rubakhin S, Sweedler J (2008). "SIMS and MADLI MS Imaging of the spinal cord". Proteomics. 8 (18): 3746–3754. doi:10.1002/pmic.200800127. PMC 2706659. PMID 18712768.
^Siuzdak, Gary (September 2023). "Subcellular quantitative imaging of metabolites at the organelle level". Nature Metabolism. 5 (9): 1446–1448. doi:10.1038/s42255-023-00882-z. ISSN 2522-5812.
^Rohner T, Staab D, Stoeckli M (2005). "MALDI mass spectrometric imaging of biological tissue sections". Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 126 (1): 177–185. doi:10.1016/j.mad.2004.09.032. PMID 15610777. S2CID 30982189.
^McDonnell LA, Heeren RM (2007). "Imaging mass spectrometry". Mass Spectrometry Reviews. 26 (4): 606–43. Bibcode:2007MSRv...26..606M. doi:10.1002/mas.20124. hdl:1874/26394. PMID 17471576.
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