This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (February 2017)
Magnesium (Mg) is a mineral found naturally in the human body and in animal and plant-based foods, beverages, dietary supplements, and some medicines such as laxatives.[1] It is necessary for the functioning of every organ, for the makeup of teeth and bones, and for metabolic processes.[2] Magnesium can not be produced by the human body, and can only be obtained through dietary means.[3]
When the amount of magnesium levels in the blood falls below the normal level (1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L), a person is experiencing hypomagnesia, or magnesium deficiency.[2] A majority of people surveyed in the United States report lower daily intakes of magnesium than what is recommended.[1] Some groups are particularly likely to have inadequate magnesium levels including people with gastrointestinal diseases, people with type 2 diabetes, people with alcohol dependence, and older adults.[1]
Low serum magnesium has been linked to depressive symptoms.[4] Magnesium effects the Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in the brain, which controls the stress response system and therefore, anxiety and depression.[5] Tentative data indicate that oral magnesium supplementation may be effective for treating mild to moderate adult depression.[6][7]
Although there is evidence suggesting inadequate dietary Mg as contributing to the cause of depression, independent clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of Mg in treating depression.[8][6]
Excessive magnesium intake from dietary supplements or medications can cause magnesium toxicity[1] Magnesium can also interact negatively with several medication types, such as antibiotics and diuretics, so people taking medications regularly should consult with a healthcare provider before starting a magnesium supplement.[1]
^ abcde"Magnesium". Office of Dietary Supplements.
^Ford, Earl S.; Mokdad, Ali H. (1 September 2003). "Dietary Magnesium Intake in a National Sample of U.S. Adults". The Journal of Nutrition. 133 (9): 2879–2882. doi:10.1093/jn/133.9.2879. PMID 12949381.
^Tarleton, Emily K.; Kennedy, Amanda G.; Rose, Gail L.; Crocker, Abigail; Littenberg, Benjamin (28 June 2019). "The Association between Serum Magnesium Levels and Depression in an Adult Primary Care Population". Nutrients. 11 (7): 1475. doi:10.3390/nu11071475. PMC 6683054. PMID 31261707.
^Sartori, S. B.; Whittle, N.; Hetzenauer, A.; Singewald, N. (1 January 2012). "Magnesium deficiency induces anxiety and HPA axis dysregulation: Modulation by therapeutic drug treatment". Neuropharmacology. 62 (1): 304–312. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.027. PMC 3198864. PMID 21835188.
^ abDerom, Marie-Laure; Sayón-Orea, Carmen; Martínez-Ortega, José María; Martínez-González, Miguel A. (September 2013). "Magnesium and depression: a systematic review". Nutritional Neuroscience. 16 (5): 191–206. doi:10.1179/1476830512Y.0000000044. PMID 23321048. S2CID 206849171.
^Tarleton, Emily K.; Littenberg, Benjamin; MacLean, Charles D.; Kennedy, Amanda G.; Daley, Christopher (27 June 2017). "Role of magnesium supplementation in the treatment of depression: A randomized clinical trial". PLOS ONE. 12 (6): e0180067. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1280067T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180067. PMC 5487054. PMID 28654669.
^Eby, George A.; Eby, Karen L.; Murck, Harald (2011). "Magnesium and major depression". In Vink, Robert; Nechifor, Mihai (eds.). Magnesium in the Central Nervous System. University of Adelaide Press. pp. 313–330. ISBN 978-0-9870730-6-8. JSTOR 10.20851/j.ctt1t3055m.27. PMID 29920018.
and 26 Related for: Magnesium and depression information
controls the stress response system and therefore, anxiety anddepression. Tentative data indicate that oral magnesium supplementation may be effective for...
Magnesium glycinate, also known as magnesium diglycinate or magnesium bisglycinate, is the magnesium salt of glycine (one magnesiumand two glycine molecules)...
Magnesium sulfate or magnesium sulphate is a chemical compound, a salt with the formula MgSO4, consisting of magnesium cations Mg2+ (20.19% by mass) and...
Magnesium deficiency is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is a low level of magnesium in the body. It can result in multiple symptoms. Symptoms...
which there is a high level of magnesium in the blood. Symptoms include weakness, confusion, decreased breathing rate, and decreased reflexes. Complications...
Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. Magnesium occurs typically as the Mg2+ ion. It is an essential mineral nutrient (i.e., element)...
trial. A meta-analysis has found an association between magnesium intake anddepression. Magnesium was lower in serum of depressed patients than controls...
salts calcium oxybate, magnesium oxybate, potassium oxybate, and sodium oxybate. It is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant and it is taken by mouth...
with magnesium deficiency, a common condition that is correlated with anxiety anddepression. Most magnesium found in retail stores is magnesium oxide...
intravenous magnesium sulfate in an attempt to resolve her akinetic mutism. The patient was given 500 mg of magnesium every eight hours, and improvement...
injection into a vein to treat low blood calcium, high blood potassium, andmagnesium toxicity. Supplementation is generally only required when there is not...
other volcanoes, and the resulting magma that is pushed toward the surface is high in magnesiumand volatile compounds such as water and carbon dioxide...
acid is sold under the brand name Metafolin and incorporated in Deplin. Levomefolate magnesium is a magnesium salt of levomefolic acid, manufactured as...
the periodic table. They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). The elements have very similar...
minerals chlorocalcite (potassium calcium chloride, KCaCl3) and tachyhydrite (calcium magnesium chloride, CaMg2Cl6·12H2O) are also very rare. The same is...
but with close monitoring for respiratory, cardiac, and neurological depression. If magnesium administration with resultant high serum concentrations...
nervous system depression. Some antipsychotics are agonists of the GHB receptor. GHB can usually be found in either as sodium, potassium, magnesium, or calcium...
anesthetic used medically for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. It is also used as a treatment for depressionand pain management. It is a novel compound...
sleep disturbances and reduce pain and fatigue associated with fibromyalgia. It is recommended for fibromyalgia accompanied by depression by Association of...
blockers, NSAIDs, andmagnesium sulfate. These can assist in delaying preterm delivery by suppressing uterine muscle contractions and their use is intended...
compounds such as magnesium chloride or calcium chloride have been used for extremely cold temperatures since the freezing-point depression of their solutions...
and less often diarrhea, low serum magnesium, and low serum potassium or congenital long QT syndrome. It can be seen in malnourished individuals and chronic...
charged ketone, β-hydroxybutyrate. A low level of magnesium in the blood can also cause hypokalemia. Magnesium is required for adequate processing of potassium...
to magnesium alone. The addition of hematin or heme arginate has been used during status epilepticus. Depression often accompanies the disease and is...
recent ice age. It is fed by underground springs and has a mineral content high in sodium, magnesium, and potassium salts due to it being a terminal lake...
Global Information