Species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis
Listeria monocytogenes
Scanning electron micrograph of Listeria monocytogenes.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Bacillota
Class:
Bacilli
Order:
Bacillales
Family:
Listeriaceae
Genus:
Listeria
Species:
L. monocytogenes
Binomial name
Listeria monocytogenes
(E. Murray et al. 1926) Pirie 1940
Listeria monocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. It is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, capable of surviving in the presence or absence of oxygen. It can grow and reproduce inside the host's cells and is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens: 20 to 30% of foodborne listeriosis infections in high-risk individuals may be fatal.[1][2][3] In the European Union, listeriosis follows an upward trend that began in 2008, causing 2,161 confirmed cases and 210 reported deaths in 2014, 16% more than in 2013. Listeriosis mortality rates are also higher in the EU than for other foodborne pathogens.[4][5] Responsible for an estimated 1,600 illnesses and 260 deaths in the United States annually, listeriosis ranks third in total number of deaths among foodborne bacterial pathogens, with fatality rates exceeding even Salmonella spp. and Clostridium botulinum.
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium, in the phylum Bacillota, named after Joseph Lister. Its ability to grow at temperatures as low as 0 °C permits multiplication at typical refrigeration temperatures, greatly increasing its ability to evade control in human foodstuffs. Motile via flagella at 30 °C and below, but usually not at 37 °C,[6]L. monocytogenes can instead move within eukaryotic cells by explosive polymerization of actin filaments (known as comet tails or actin rockets).[3] Once Listeria monocytogenes enters the host cytoplasm, multiple changes in bacterial metabolism and gene expression help to complete the metamorphosis of its from soil dweller to intracellular pathogen.[7]
Studies suggest up to 10% of human gastrointestinal tracts may be colonized by L. monocytogenes.[1] Nevertheless, clinical diseases due to L. monocytogenes are more frequently recognized by veterinarians, especially as meningoencephalitis in ruminants. See: listeriosis in animals.
Due to its frequent pathogenicity, causing meningitis in newborns (acquired transvaginally), pregnant mothers are often advised not to eat soft cheeses such as Brie, Camembert, feta, and queso blanco fresco, which may be contaminated with and permit growth of L. monocytogenes.[8] It is the third-most common cause of meningitis in newborns. Listeria monocytogenes can infect the brain, spinal-cord membranes and/or the bloodstream of the host[9] through the ingestion of contaminated food such as unpasteurized dairy or raw foods.[10]
^ abRamaswamy V, Cresence VM, Rejitha JS, Lekshmi MU, Dharsana KS, Prasad SP, et al. (February 2007). "Listeria--review of epidemiology and pathogenesis" (PDF). Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi. 40 (1): 4–13. PMID 17332901. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-31. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
^Pizarro-Cerda J, Cossart, P (2019). "Microbe Profile: Listeria monocytogenes: a paradigm among intracellular bacterial pathogens". Microbiology. 165 (7): 719–721. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000800. PMID 31124782.
^ abPizarro-Cerdá J, Cossart P (2019-07-01). "Microbe Profile: Listeria monocytogenes: a paradigm among intracellular bacterial pathogens". Microbiology. 165 (7): 719–721. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000800. ISSN 1350-0872. PMID 31124782. S2CID 163166441.
^"Campylobacter and Listeria infections still rising in the EU – say EFSA and ECDC - European Food Safety Authority". www.efsa.europa.eu. 2015-12-17.
^"The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2014". EFSA Journal. 13 (12). 2015. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4329.
^Gründling A, Burrack LS, Bouwer HG, Higgins DE (August 2004). "Listeria monocytogenes regulates flagellar motility gene expression through MogR, a transcriptional repressor required for virulence". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (33): 12318–23. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10112318G. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404924101. PMC 514476. PMID 15302931.
^Freitag NE (2006). "From hot dogs to host cells: how the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes regulates virulence gene expression". Future Microbiology. 1 (1): 89–101. doi:10.2217/17460913.1.1.89. PMID 17661688. Retrieved 26 June 2006.
^Genigeorgis C, Carniciu M, Dutulescu D, Farver TB (1991). "Growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes in market cheeses stored at 4 to 30 degrees C". J. Food Prot. 54 (9): 662–668. doi:10.4315/0362-028X-54.9.662. PMID 31051570.
Listeriamonocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. It is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, capable of...
not produce endospores. The major human pathogen in the genus Listeria is L. monocytogenes. It is usually the causative agent of the relatively rare bacterial...
Listeriosis is a bacterial infection most commonly caused by Listeriamonocytogenes, although L. ivanovii and L. grayi have been reported in certain cases...
temperatures such as in a refrigerator. Some notable mesophiles include Listeriamonocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Other examples of...
(innocuous) because, in contrast to Listeriamonocytogenes, it does not readily cause disease in mammals. Another Listeria species, L. seeligeri, was named...
on nutrient agar plates or slants. Listeria ivanovii can be distinguished from L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species by culturing it on sheep or...
wall, granulomas are often found and are a clue to the diagnosis. Listeriamonocytogenes infection in infants can cause potentially fatal disseminated granulomas...
Characteristics and Behavior of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeriamonocytogenes and Staphylococcal Toxin during Making and Maturing Cotija Cheese...
United States listeriosis outbreak was a widespread outbreak of Listeriamonocytogenes food poisoning across 28 US states that resulted from contaminated...
receive erythromycin ointment applied to both eyes after delivery Listeriamonocytogenes is a gram-positive bacilli that can cause infection acquired from...
Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a hemolysin produced by the bacterium Listeriamonocytogenes, the pathogen responsible for causing listeriosis. The toxin may...
streptococci (i.e. Streptococcus agalactiae), Escherichia coli, and Listeriamonocytogenes. Although there is a low mortality rate in developed countries,...
Retrieved 2011-10-08. Between January 1, and June 14, 1985, 86 cases of Listeriamonocytogenes infection were identified in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California...
digestive tract such as Escherichia coli (carrying the K1 antigen). Listeriamonocytogenes (serotype IVb) can be contracted when consuming improperly prepared...
Clostridium perfringens can be identified presumptively with this test. Listeriamonocytogenes is also positive on sheep's blood agar. Group A S. pyogenes is the...
gram negative and positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Listeriamonocytogenes. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite...
the lactoperoxidase system or lactoferrin on the inactivation of Listeriamonocytogenes, Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef carpaccio"...
strokes as well as chronic renal failure. Listeriamonocytogenes is one of the strains of the genus Listeria, which is a food-borne pathogen and can cause...
1993). "Activation of the human complement alternative pathway by Listeriamonocytogenes: evidence for direct binding and proteolysis of the C3 component...
form of listeriosis which is caused by eating food contaminated by ListeriaMonocytogenes), brain trauma, or other medical conditions. They can also occur...
migration to the liver during Listeriamonocytogenes infection. In this way, STING protects host from Listeriamonocytogenes infection by regulating monocyte...
Internalins are surface proteins found on Listeriamonocytogenes. They exist in two known forms, InlA and InlB. They are used by the bacteria to invade...
food that is contaminated by Listeriamonocytogenes. As a member of the group I of the Baltimore classification, Listeria virus P100 is a dsDNA virus....
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