Kalasha (IPA:[kaɭaʂaː], locally: Kal'as'amondr) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Kalash people, in the Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. There are an estimated 4,100 speakers of Kalasha.[2] It is an endangered language and there is an ongoing language shift to Khowar.[3]
Kalasha should not be confused with the nearby Nuristani language Waigali (Kalasha-ala). According to Badshah Munir Bukhari, a researcher on the Kalash, "Kalasha" is also the ethnic name for the Nuristani inhabitants of a region southwest of the Kalasha Valleys, in the Waygal and middle Pech Valleys of Afghanistan's Nuristan Province. The name "Kalasha" seems to have been adopted for the Kalash people by the Kalasha speakers of Chitral from the Nuristanis of Waygal, who for a time expanded up to southern Chitral several centuries ago.[4] However, there is no close connection between the Indo-Aryan language Kalasha-mun (Kalasha) and the Nuristani language Kalasha-ala (Waigali), which descend from different branches of the Indo-Iranian languages.
^Kalasha at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^1998 Census Report of Pakistan. (2001). Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan.
^Heegård Petersen, Jan (30 September 2015). "Kalasha texts – With introductory grammar". Acta Linguistica Hafniensia. 47 (sup1): 1–275. doi:10.1080/03740463.2015.1069049. ISSN 0374-0463. S2CID 218660179.
^"Richard Strand's Nuristân Site: The Kalasha of Kalashüm". Archived from the original on 1 November 2001. Retrieved 1 November 2001., http://nuristan.info/Nuristani/Kalasha/kalasha.html
Kalasha (IPA: [kaɭaʂaː], locally: Kal'as'amondr) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Kalash people, in the Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province...
The Kalash (Kalasha: کالؕاشؕا, romanised: Kaḷaṣa), or Kalasha, are an Indo-Aryan indigenous people residing in the Chitral District of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa...
The Kalasha Valleys (Kalasha-mondr: Kaĺaśa Desh; Urdu: وادی کیلاش) are valleys in Chitral District in northern Pakistan. The valleys are surrounded by...
A kalasha, also called Pūrṇa-Kalaśa, Pūrṇa-Kumbha, Pūrṇa-Ghaṭa, also called ghat or ghot or kumbh (Sanskrit: कलश kalaśa, Telugu: కలశము Kannada: ಕಳಶ literally...
over 70 languages spoken as first languages. The majority of Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family...
"observing the sun" in the Kalashalanguage, is a traditional meteorological and astronomical knowledge system practiced by the Kalasha people in the Hindu Kush...
value is noted far more rarely." Unlike the neighboring and related Kalashalanguage, Khowar does not have retroflex vowels. Allophones of /x ɣ h ʋ ɾ/ are...
divided between speakers of the Nuristani language, Kalasha-ala, and an Indo-Aryan language, Kalaṣa-mun. The languages are spoken by tribal peoples in an extremely...
Kalash or Kalasha may refer to: Kalash people, or Kalasha, an ethnic group of Chitral, Pakistan Kalasha-mun, a language of Chitral, Pakistan Kalasha-ala, a...
totemism, law, exogamy and kinship in addition to distinctively human language and thought. Everything began, according to Durkheim, when a flow of blood...
Punjabi: [pəɲˈdʒab̆.bi] ), sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India, spoken predominantly...
Bumburet (Kalasha: Mumuret, Urdu: وادی پمپوریت) is the largest valley of Kalasha Desh in Lower Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa the province of Pakistan...
been debated whether Urtsuniwar is a different language or a dialect of Kalasha-mun. Urtsuniwar and Kalasha are mutually intelligible by 70%. Urtsuniwar...
language community Kalasha (an Indigenous people group) living in the wilderness of Hindu Kush Mountains in the Chitral district of Pakistan. Kalasha...
official languages of India; it is the official language of Odisha and the second official language of Jharkhand. Odia is the sixth Indian language to be...
languages and the broader Indo-European language family in its usage of lexical tone. Pashto (پښتو) is an Iranian language spoken as a first language...
minority groups across the country. Minor languages include: Ashkunu, Kamkata-viri, Vasi-vari, Tregami and Kalasha-ala, Pamiri (Shughni, Munji, Ishkashimi...
Slavic languages. Speakers of the Romani language usually refer to the language as rromani ćhib "the Romani language" or rromanes (adverb) "in a Rom way"...
alphabet for the Punjabi language to represent a voiced retroflex lateral approximant and is also used in the Kalashalanguage. The Gurmukhi equivalent...
Chitral Kalashalanguage Kho people Khowar language Nuristanis Nuristani languages Pashayi people Pashayi languages Shina people Shina language Richard...
Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Konkani people, primarily in the Konkan region, along the western coast of India. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages mentioned...
An endangered language is a language that is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native...
سِنڌِي (Perso-Arabic), सिन्धी (Devanagari) [sɪndʱiː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 30 million people in the Pakistani province of Sindh, where...
or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text. Bhojpuri is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Bhojpur-Purvanchal region of India and the Terai region of...
) is an Indo-Aryan language predominantly spoken by Marathi people in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the official language of Maharashtra, and...
endonym Bangla (বাংলা, Bāṅlā, [ˈbaŋla] ), is an Indo-Aryan language from the Indo-European language family native to the Bengal region of South Asia. With...