Nuclides with atomic number of 31 but with different mass numbers
Isotopes of gallium (31Ga)
Main isotopes[1]
Decay
abundance
half-life (t1/2)
mode
product
66Ga
synth
9.5 h
β+
66Zn
67Ga
synth
3.3 d
ε
67Zn
68Ga
synth
1.2 h
β+
68Zn
69Ga
60.1%
stable
70Ga
synth
21 min
β−
70Ge
ε
70Zn
71Ga
39.9%
stable
72Ga
synth
14.1 h
β−
72Ge
73Ga
synth
4.9 h
β−
73Ge
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ga)
69.723±0.001[2]
69.723±0.001 (abridged)[3]
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Natural gallium (31Ga) consists of a mixture of two stable isotopes: gallium-69 and gallium-71. Twenty-nine radioisotopes are known, all synthetic, with atomic masses ranging from 56 to 86; along with three nuclear isomers, 64mGa, 72mGa and 74mGa. Most of the isotopes with atomic mass numbers below 69 decay to isotopes of zinc, while most of the isotopes with masses above 71 decay to isotopes of germanium. Among them, the most commercially important radioisotopes are gallium-67 and gallium-68.
Gallium-67 (half-life 3.3 days) is a gamma-emitting isotope (the gamma ray emitted immediately after electron capture) used in standard nuclear medical imaging, in procedures usually referred to as gallium scans. It is usually used as the free ion, Ga3+. It is the longest-lived radioisotope of gallium.
The shorter-lived gallium-68 (half-life 68 minutes) is a positron-emitting isotope generated in very small quantities from germanium-68 in gallium-68 generators or in much greater quantities by proton bombardment of 68Zn in low-energy medical cyclotrons,[4][5] for use in a small minority of diagnostic PET scans. For this use, it is usually attached as a tracer to a carrier molecule (for example the somatostatin analogue DOTATOC), which gives the resulting radiopharmaceutical a different tissue-uptake specificity from the ionic 67Ga radioisotope normally used in standard gallium scans.
^Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^"Standard Atomic Weights: Gallium". CIAAW. 1987.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^Kumlin, J; Dam, J; Langkjaer, N; Chua, C.J.; Borjian, S.; Kassaian, A; Hook, B; Zeisler, S; Schaffer, P; Helge, Thisgaard (October 2019). "Multi-Curie Production of Ga-68 on a Biomedical Cyclotron". Conference: EANM'19. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
^Thisgaard, Helge; Kumlin, Joel; Langkjær, Niels; Chua, Jansen; Hook, Brian; Jensen, Mikael; Kassaian, Amir; Zeisler, Stefan; Borjian, Sogol; Cross, Michael; Schaffer, Paul (2021-01-07). "Multi-curie production of gallium-68 on a biomedical cyclotron and automated radiolabelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE". EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry. 6 (1): 1. doi:10.1186/s41181-020-00114-9. ISSN 2365-421X. PMC 7790954. PMID 33411034.
and 24 Related for: Isotopes of gallium information
Natural gallium (31Ga) consists of a mixture of two stable isotopes: gallium-69 and gallium-71. Twenty-nine radioisotopes are known, all synthetic, with...
melting. Gallium has 31 known isotopes, ranging in mass number from 56 to 86. Only two isotopes are stable and occur naturally, gallium-69 and gallium-71....
to as stable isotopes or stable nuclides. For example, 14 C is a radioactive form of carbon, whereas 12 C and 13 C are stable isotopes. There are about...
A gallium scan is a type of nuclear medicine test that uses either a gallium-67 (67Ga) or gallium-68 (68Ga) radiopharmaceutical to obtain images of a...
elements, they are usually termed stable isotopes. The 80 elements with one or more stable isotopes comprise a total of 251 nuclides that have not been known...
are the chemical elements in group 13 of the periodic table, consisting of boron (B), aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl) and nihonium...
11 have 5 stable isotopes, 9 have 4 stable isotopes, 5 have 3 stable isotopes, 16 have 2 stable isotopes, and 26 have 1 stable isotope. Additionally, about...
half-life of 270.95 d. It decays to the medically useful positron-emitting isotope 68Ga. (See gallium-68 generator for notes on the source of this isotope, and...
Five stable isotopesof zinc occur in nature, with 64Zn being the most abundant isotope (49.17% natural abundance). The other isotopes found in nature...
Gallium trichloride is the chemical compound with the formula GaCl3. Solid gallium trichloride exists as a dimer with the formula Ga2Cl6. It is colourless...
has isotopes that are not radioactive, these are termed "stable" isotopes. All of the known stable isotopes occur naturally (see primordial isotope). The...
and gallium, it is insoluble in aqueous alkaline solutions. Indium has 39 known isotopes, ranging in mass number from 97 to 135. Only two isotopes occur...
to power some spacecraft. Plutonium isotopes are expensive and inconvenient to separate, so particular isotopes are usually manufactured in specialized...
The majority of radiopharmaceuticals are based on proton deficient isotopes, with technetium-99m being the most commonly used medical isotope, and therefore...
Retrieved 15 June 2018. Clayton, D. (2003). Handbook ofIsotopes in the Cosmos : Hydrogen to Gallium. Leiden: Cambridge University Press. pp. 129–137....
occurring carbon-14 isotope as an isotopic label. Isotopesof a chemical element differ only in the mass number. For example, the isotopesof hydrogen can be...
depends on the isotope that is decaying; the figure of 0.96 MeV applies only to the decay of carbon-11. The short-lived positron emitting isotopes 11C (T1⁄2...
Retrieved 5 March 2007. Clayton, Donald (2003). Handbook ofIsotopes in the Cosmos: Hydrogen to Gallium. Cambridge University Press. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-0521823814...
of 282113 were detected. The aim of this experiment had been to synthesise the isotopes 281113 and 282113 that would fill in the gap between isotopes...
middle of the periodic table, isotopes that are lighter than stable isotopesof the same element tend to decay through electron capture, while isotopes heavier...
have to go through isotopes separation to remove the 115, 117 and 119 tin isotopes. Combined, these three isotopes make up about 17% of natural tin but represent...
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