Quantification of the electrical interactions between ions in solution
The ionic strength of a solution is a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution. Ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, dissociate into ions. The total electrolyte concentration in solution will affect important properties such as the dissociation constant or the solubility of different salts. One of the main characteristics of a solution with dissolved ions is the ionic strength. Ionic strength can be molar (mol/L solution) or molal (mol/kg solvent) and to avoid confusion the units should be stated explicitly.[1] The concept of ionic strength was first introduced by Lewis and Randall in 1921 while describing the activity coefficients of strong electrolytes.[2]
^Solomon, Theodros (2001). "The definition and unit of ionic strength". Journal of Chemical Education. 78 (12): 1691. Bibcode:2001JChEd..78.1691S. doi:10.1021/ed078p1691.
^Sastre de Vicente, Manuel E. (2004). "The concept of ionic strength eighty years after its introduction in chemistry". Journal of Chemical Education. 81 (5): 750. Bibcode:2004JChEd..81..750S. doi:10.1021/ed081p750.
The ionicstrength of a solution is a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution. Ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, dissociate into...
Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, or between two atoms with sharply...
equilibrium. However, reaction parameters like temperature, solvent, and ionicstrength may all influence the value of the equilibrium constant. A knowledge...
medium consisting of a solution of a background electrolyte at high ionicstrength, that is, under conditions in which Γ can be assumed to be always constant...
low ionicstrength (< 0.1 M) the activity coefficient approaches unity, this coefficient can actually increase with ionicstrength in a high ionic strength...
hydrogen and hydroxide ions' activity is dependent on ionicstrength, so Kw varies with ionicstrength. When pure water is exposed to air, it becomes mildly...
Total ionicstrength adjustment buffer (TISAB) is a buffer solution which increases the ionicstrength of a solution to a relatively high level. This is...
and B are constants, zi is the valence number of the ion, and I is ionicstrength. The derivative of an activity coefficient with respect to temperature...
the ionicstrength of a solution increases the solubility of a solute, such as a protein. This effect tends to be observed at lower ionicstrengths.[citation...
salt determine the ionicstrength, and the ionicstrength is effectively constant. Since activity coefficients depend on ionicstrength, the activity coefficients...
patient's blood sample. Examples of potentiators include albumin, LISS (low ionic-strength saline) and PEG (polyethylene glycol). Potentiators are also known as...
electroactive (within the range of potentials used) and which has an ionicstrength and conductivity much larger than those due to the electroactive species...
ΔG values depend on the ionicstrength I of the solution, as described by the Debye-Hückel equation, at zero ionicstrength one observes ΔG = 8 kJ/mol...
bridge decreases as the ionicstrength of the sample solution increases. Due to the numerous drawbacks of KCl-type salt bridges, ionic liquid salt bridges...
from equilibrium constant values obtained with solutions at various ionicstrengths. The determination of SIT interaction coefficients also yields the...
dissociation constants are determined, where possible, in a medium of high ionicstrength, that is, under conditions in which Γ {\displaystyle \Gamma } can be...
of the experiments. The important factors to be considered are: pH, ionicstrength, usage of detergent, protease inhibitors to prevent proteolytic processes...
solution conditions such as surfactant concentration, temperature, pH, and ionicstrength. The process of forming micelles is known as micellisation and forms...
half reaction under a set of specified conditions such as, e.g., pH, ionicstrength, or the concentration of complexing agents. The formal reduction potential...
the ionicstrength of a solution. This is usually done in equilibrium or kinetic studies in order to reduce relative changes in the ionicstrength of a...
ion activity coefficients and water activities in solutions of high ionicstrength for which the Debye–Hückel theory is no longer adequate. They are more...
reduced solubility of certain molecules in a solution of very high ionicstrength. Salting out is typically used to precipitate large biomolecules, such...
recombinant proteins. The solubility of proteins varies according to the ionicstrength of the solution, thus according to the salt concentration. At low ion...
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