Chemical bonding involving attraction between ions
Sodium and fluorine atoms undergoing a redox reaction to form sodium ions and fluoride ions. Sodium loses its outer electron to give it a stable electron configuration, and this electron enters the fluorine atom exothermically. The oppositely charged ions – typically a great many of them – are then attracted to each other to form solid sodium fluoride.
Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, or between two atoms with sharply different electronegativities,[1] and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds. It is one of the main types of bonding, along with covalent bonding and metallic bonding. Ions are atoms (or groups of atoms) with an electrostatic charge. Atoms that gain electrons make negatively charged ions (called anions). Atoms that lose electrons make positively charged ions (called cations). This transfer of electrons is known as electrovalence in contrast to covalence. In the simplest case, the cation is a metal atom and the anion is a nonmetal atom, but these ions can be more complex, e.g. molecular ions like NH+ 4 or SO2− 4. In simpler words, an ionic bond results from the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal to obtain a full valence shell for both atoms.
Clean ionic bonding — in which one atom or molecule completely transfers an electron to another — cannot exist: all ionic compounds have some degree of covalent bonding or electron sharing. Thus, the term "ionic bonding" is given when the ionic character is greater than the covalent character – that is, a bond in which there is a large difference in electronegativity between the two atoms, causing the bonding to be more polar (ionic) than in covalent bonding where electrons are shared more equally. Bonds with partially ionic and partially covalent characters are called polar covalent bonds.[2]
Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or in solution, typically not when solid. Ionic compounds generally have a high melting point, depending on the charge of the ions they consist of. The higher the charges the stronger the cohesive forces and the higher the melting point. They also tend to be soluble in water; the stronger the cohesive forces, the lower the solubility.[3]
^"Ionic bond". IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology. 2009. doi:10.1351/goldbook.IT07058. ISBN 978-0-9678550-9-7.
^Seifert, Vanessa (27 November 2023). "Do bond classifications help or hinder chemistry?". chemistryworld.com. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
^Schneider, Hans-Jörg (2012). "Ionic Interactions in Supramolecular Complexes". Ionic Interactions in Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules. pp. 35–47. doi:10.1002/9781118165850.ch2. ISBN 9781118165850.
Ionicbonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, or between two atoms with sharply...
to be covalent. Ionicbonding leads to separate positive and negative ions. Ionic charges are commonly between −3e to +3e. Ionicbonding commonly occurs...
will gain electrons to form negatively charged ions. Ionicbonding is a kind of chemical bonding that arises from the mutual attraction of oppositely...
covalent bonding is much more common than ionicbonding. Covalent bonding also includes many kinds of interactions, including σ-bonding, π-bonding, metal-to-metal...
bonded compounds. In ionic compounds, the electronegativity of the two atoms bonding together has a major effect on their bond energy. The extent of...
"covalent solids") Ionicbonding, which forms ionic solids Metallic bonding, which forms metallic solids Weak inter molecular bonding, which forms molecular...
stratigraphy. Ionic, of or relating to an ion, an atom or molecule with a net electric charge Ionicbonding, a type chemical bondingIonic compound, a chemical...
octet. Ionicbonding occurs when valence electrons are completely transferred between elements. Opposite to covalent bonding, this chemical bond creates...
availability of an electron to bond to another atom. The chemical bond can be a covalent bond, an ionicbond, a hydrogen bond or just because of Van der Waals...
weaken the strength of both ionic and hydrogen bonds. We may consider that for static systems, Ionicbonding and covalent bonding will always be stronger...
electrons between atoms, and was thus a model of ionicbonding. Both Lewis and Kossel structured their bonding models on that of Abegg's rule (1904). Although...
forces present between non-bonding atoms or molecules. The classical model identifies three main types of chemical bonds — ionic, covalent, and metallic...
bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is termed covalent bonding. Ionic bonding...
one-electron (2c-1e) bond and thus rationalized bonding in hypervalent molecules without the need for expanded octets or ionicbond character; this was...
sign of significant covalent character in the bonding. No bond is completely ionic, and some supposedly "ionic" compounds, especially of the transition metals...
Conversely, when an ionic liquid is cooled, it often forms an ionic solid—which may be either crystalline or glassy. The ionicbond is usually stronger...
interactions, quadrupole interactions, π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, London dispersion forces, and in some molecular solids, coulombic...
"additional stabilization" of the heteronuclear bond is due to the contribution of ionic canonical forms to the bonding. The difference in electronegativity between...
between atoms or molecules. Unlike ionic or covalent bonds, these attractions do not result from a chemical electronic bond; they are comparatively weak and...
and consists of a lattice of Mg2+ ions and O2− ions held together by ionicbonding. Magnesium hydroxide forms in the presence of water (MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2)...
hydrogen bonding interactions are ubiquitous and influence structures of many kinds of materials.[citation needed] The definition of hydrogen bonding has gradually...
Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons (in the form of an electron...
main types according to the nature of their bonding: Ionic hydrides, which have significant ionicbonding character. Covalent hydrides, which include...
exhibit a range of bonding properties. Some are ionic compounds, consisting of very simple cations and anions joined by ionicbonding. Examples of salts...
air and water. The bonding within these complexes is controversial with some arguing the bonding resembles a model similar to bonding in transition metal...
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