Insulin glulisine is a rapid-acting modified form of medical insulin that differs from human insulin in that the amino acid asparagine at position B3 is replaced by lysine and the lysine in position B29 is replaced by glutamic acid.[4] It was developed by Sanofi-Aventis and approved for marketing by the FDA[5] and the EMA[6] in 2004; it is sold under the trade name Apidra.[7] When injected subcutaneously, it appears in the blood earlier than regular human insulin (RHI).[8] When used as a meal time insulin, the dose is to be administered within 15 minutes before or 20 minutes after starting a meal.[9] Intravenous injections may also be used for extreme hyperglycemia, but must be performed under the supervision of a medical professional.[2]
The most common side effects include hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose levels).[3]
^ ab"Insulin glulisine Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 6 April 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
^ ab"Apidra- insulin glulisine injection, solution Apidra SoloStar- insulin glulisine injection, solution". DailyMed. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
^ ab"Apidra EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). Retrieved 7 October 2020.
^"Apidra FDA Approval History". Drugs.com. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
^"Apidra". ema.europa.eu. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
^Jasek W, ed. (2007). Austria-Codex (in German) (2007/2008 ed.). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. ISBN 978-3-85200-181-4.
^Garnock-Jones KP, Plosker GL (May 2009). "Insulin glulisine: a review of its use in the management of diabetes mellitus". Drugs. 69 (8): 1035–57. doi:10.2165/00003495-200969080-00006. PMID 19496630. S2CID 41839395.
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