The indium chalcogenides include all compounds of indium with the chalcogen elements, oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium. (Polonium is excluded as little is known about its compounds with indium). The best-characterised compounds are the In(III) and In(II) chalcogenides e.g. the sulfides In2S3 and InS.
This group of compounds has attracted a lot of research attention because they include semiconductors, photovoltaics and phase-change materials. In many applications indium chalcogenides are used as the basis of ternary and quaternary compounds such as indium tin oxide, ITO and copper indium gallium selenide, CIGS.
Some compounds that were reported and have found their way into text books have not been substantiated by later researchers. The list of compounds below shows compounds that have been reported, and those compounds that have not had their structure determined, or whose existence has not been confirmed by the latest structural investigations, are in italics.
oxide
sulfide
selenide
telluride
In2O
In2Se
In4S3
In4Se3
In4Te3
In5S4
InS
InSe
InTe
In6S7
In6Se7
In3S4
In3Te4
In7Te10
In2O3
In2S3
In2Se3
In2Te3
In3Te5
In2Te5
There are a lot of compounds, the reason for this being that indium can be present as
In3+, oxidation state +3
In+, oxidation state +1
In4+ 2 units, oxidation state of +2, also found in some indium halides, e.g. In2Br3.
nonlinear In5+ 3 units isoelectronic with Hg2+ 3.
The compound In2Te5 is a polytelluride containing the Te2− 3 unit.
None of the indium chalcogenides can be described simply as ionic in nature, they all involve a degree of covalent bonding. However, in spite of this it is useful to formulate the compounds in ionic terms to get an insight into how the structures are built up. Compounds almost invariably have multiple polymorphs, that is they can crystallise in slightly different forms depending on either the method of production, or the substrate upon which they are deposited. Many of the compounds are made up of layers, and it is the different ways that the layers are stacked that is a cause of polymorphism.
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The indiumchalcogenides include all compounds of indium with the chalcogen elements, oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium. (Polonium is excluded as...
produce indium(III) salts: In(OH)3 + 3 HCl → InCl3 + 3 H2O The analogous sesqui-chalcogenides with sulfur, selenium, and tellurium are also known. Indium forms...
AgInSbTe, or silver-indium-antimony-tellurium, is a phase change material from the group of chalcogenide glasses, used in rewritable optical discs (such...
periodic table and is similar to the other metals of the group (aluminium, indium, and thallium). Elemental gallium is a relatively soft, silvery metal at...
offers favorable optical and electronic properties similar to CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide), making it well suited for use as a thin-film solar cell...
Indium trihydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (InH3). It has been observed in matrix isolation and laser ablation experiments. Gas...
many ways intermediary between semiconductor and metal. Many copper chalcogenides are degenerate p-type semiconductors with relatively large numbers of...
of metal chalcogenides. There are also ternary compounds containing alkali metals and transition metals. Highly metal-rich metal chalcogenides, such as...
A copper indium gallium selenide solar cell (or CIGS cell, sometimes CI(G)S or CIS cell) is a thin-film solar cell used to convert sunlight into electric...
although it is less common than it is for gallium's heavier congeners indium and thallium. For example, the very stable GaCl2 contains both gallium(I)...
resembles that of the other elements in group 13 (boron, aluminium, gallium, indium). However, the +1 state, which is far more prominent in thallium than the...
silver–copper–zinc alloys are useful as low-melting brazing alloys, and silver–cadmium–indium (involving three adjacent elements on the periodic table) is useful in nuclear...
and in the manufacture of transparent, electrically conducting films of indium tin oxide in optoelectronic applications. Another large application is corrosion-resistant...
produced by vapor phase hydrolysis: AmCl3 + H2O -> AmOCl + 2HCl The known chalcogenides of americium include the sulfide AmS2, selenides AmSe2 and Am3Se4, and...
Holmium(III) oxide appears pink under a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp. Other chalcogenides are known for holmium. Holmium(III) sulfide has orange-yellow crystals...
New South Wales. Most other silver minerals are silver pnictides or chalcogenides; they are generally lustrous semiconductors. Most true silver deposits...
with the other well-characterized members of its group, boron, gallium, indium, and thallium; it is also expected for nihonium. Aluminium can surrender...
reduces to cerium(III) oxide with hydrogen gas. Many nonstoichiometric chalcogenides are also known, along with the trivalent Ce2Z3 (Z = S, Se, Te). The...
the X-ray scanning tool for quality control essential to manufacturing indium gallium arsenide phosphide-based multi-quantum well lasers. These are the...
nitride, calcium phosphide, sodium arsenide, indium antimonide, and even double salts like aluminum gallium indium phosphide. These include III-V semiconductors...
and telluride. Divalent chalcogenides SmS, SmSe and SmTe with a cubic rock-salt crystal structure are known. These chalcogenides convert from a semiconducting...
radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides". Acta Crystallogr A. 32 (5): 751–767. Bibcode:1976AcCrA..32..751S....
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