Neuronal circuit that suppresses unwanted movements
Depicted are parts of the basal ganglia and their interconnections as revealed by diffusion spectrum imaging based on thirty subjects from the human connectome project (HCP MGH). Direct, indirect and hyperdirect pathways are visualized in different colors (see legend). Subcortical structures are rendered based on the Harvard-Oxford subcortical (Thalamus) as well as the Atlasing of the Basal Ganglia atlas (other structures). Rendering was generated using TrackVis software.
The indirect pathway, sometimes known as the indirect pathway of movement, is a neuronal circuit through the basal ganglia and several associated nuclei within the central nervous system (CNS) which helps to prevent unwanted muscle contractions from competing with voluntary movements.[1] It operates in conjunction with the direct pathway.
^Nambu A (2004). "A new dynamic model of the cortico-basal ganglia loop". Prog. Brain Res. Progress in Brain Research. 143: 461–466. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(03)43043-4. ISBN 9780444513892. PMID 14653188.
The indirectpathway, sometimes known as the indirectpathway of movement, is a neuronal circuit through the basal ganglia and several associated nuclei...
(characteristic types): D1-type MSNs of the direct pathway and D2-type MSNs of the indirectpathway. Most striatal MSNs contain only D1-type or D2-type...
the direct pathway, the indirectpathway is regulated by striatal dopamine. D2 dopamine receptors inhibit transmission via the indirectpathway. D2 receptors...
direct pathway needs to continue reverberating. The short indirectpathway has been proposed to, in a direct push pull antagonism with the direct pathway, close...
nigra via the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus to form the indirectpathway of the basal ganglia. The remaining 5% of cells are interneurons that...
conjunction with the indirectpathway. Both of these pathways are part of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop. The direct pathway passes through...
as through temperatures rising leading to increased aggression. The indirectpathway occurs via disruption to economic and social activities, such as when...
direct pathway exerts an inhibitory effect on neurons in the (SNpr) but an excitatory effect via the indirectpathway. The direct and indirectpathways originate...
the pathway from the striatum to the medial globus pallidus is monosynaptic (containing one synapse), it is called the direct pathway. The indirect pathway...
There are three broad pathways by which these effects can take place: directly, indirectly or via awareness. The direct pathway includes stress-related...
receptor-expressing indirectpathway neurons in the core region of the NAc strongly induces slow-wave sleep. Chemogenetic inhibition of the NAc indirectpathway neurons...
lemniscus pathway Retinohypothalamic tract is a photic neural input pathway involved in the circadian rhythms Direct pathway of movement Indirectpathway of...
ganglia–thalamocortical circuitry. Overactivity of a direct pathway combined with decreased activity of indirectpathway results in activation of thalamic neurons and...
the putamen. This data is routed to the thalamus, either directly or indirectly. In the case of the interna, one area of the globus pallidus, the structure...
implement the so-called "hyperdirect pathway" of motor control, contrasting with the direct and indirectpathways implemented elsewhere in the basal ganglia...
and substantia nigra, which then send GABA to the thalamus. In the indirectpathway, the basal ganglia send GABA to the globus pallidus which then sends...
mesocortical pathway is a dopaminergic pathway that connects the ventral tegmentum to the prefrontal cortex. It is one of the four major dopamine pathways in the...
primary input is to the basal ganglia system. Additionally, the mesolimbic pathway projects from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens of the...
memory except as a last resort and prioritized physical action as an indirectpathway to emotional expression. This can be seen in Stanislavki's notes for...
lexical pathway and the indirect, non-lexical pathway. According to the dual route theory of reading, in individuals with surface dyslexia, the indirect (non-lexical)...
The direct and indirect Coombs tests, also known as antiglobulin test (AGT), are blood tests used in immunohematology. The direct Coombs test detects antibodies...
GPi by the external globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus, via the indirectpathway. Dysfunction of the internal globus pallidus has been correlated to...
amplification of T-cell alloreactivity by means of direct and also indirectpathway of alloantigen recognition (as described below). NK cells are able...
include heat, humidity, rainfall, drought, wildfires and floods. The indirectpathway can be disruption to economic and social activities. An example is...
part of the anterolateral system or the ventrolateral system, a sensory pathway to the thalamus. From the ventral posterolateral nucleus in the thalamus...
receptor-expressing indirectpathway neurons in the core region of the NAc strongly induces slow-wave sleep. Chemogenetic inhibition of the NAc indirectpathway neurons...
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