The Golden Age of Islam, which saw a flourishing of science,
notably mathematics and astronomy, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, had a notable Indian influence.
During this era, Baghdad stood as the Islamic world's foremost hub of intellectual activity. The Abbasid leaders in Baghdad quickly recognized their populace's limited understanding in fields like astronomy, mathematics, and medicine. They turned their attention to India and Persia for advanced knowledge. Possession of Sind provided the Abbasids with a crucial pathway to access Indian expertise. This period saw the visit of an Indian astronomer-mathematician and diplomat from Sind, Kanaka, to Caliph Al-Mansur's court (754–775). Intrigued by Indian astronomy and mathematics, the caliph instructed Ibrahim al-Fazari and Yaqub ibn Tariq to translate Brahmagupta's significant texts, Brahmasphutasiddhanta and Khandakhadyaka. These translations, named Sindhind and Arkand, introduced the concept of Indian numerals to the Islamic world. Similarly, Persian astronomical tables influenced by Indian astronomy, Zig-I shahriyarr, were translated into Arabic as Zijashshahriyar. The ninth-century scholar al-Khwarizmi, who learned Sanskrit, played a pivotal role in disseminating the Indian numeral system globally. Another contemporary scholar, al-Kindi, authored four books on Indian numerals.[1]
Indian medical practices and pharmaceuticals were also highly sought after in the Islamic world. Numerous Sanskrit medical texts were translated into Arabic, sponsored by Khalid, Al-Mansur's vizier. Khalid, originally from a Buddhist family in Balkh, converted to Islam after the Arab conquest. His family, known as the Barmakis of Baghdad, showed a keen interest in Indian innovations. Under Caliph Harun al-Rashid (788–809), the translation of Susruta Samhita into Arabic was commissioned. Furthermore, the notable Arabic medical work Kitab al-hawi, later translated into Latin as Liber continens in the 13th century, was penned by al-Razi, or Rhazes (865–925), incorporating substantial Indian medical knowledge.[2]
^Avari, Burjor (2016). India: the ancient past: a history of the Indian subcontinent from c. 7000 BCE to CE 1200 (2nd ed.). London New York: Routledge. p. 298. ISBN 978-1-138-82820-9.
^Avari, Burjor (2016). India: the ancient past: a history of the Indian subcontinent from c. 7000 BCE to CE 1200 (2nd ed.). London New York: Routledge. p. 299. ISBN 978-1-138-82820-9.
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