Muslim world information

The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs, politics, and laws of Islam^[1] or to societies in which Islam is practiced.^[2]^[3] In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion.^[4]^[3] The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.^[5]

The history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, medicine, philosophy, law, economics and technology during the Islamic Golden Age. Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam.^[6] The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Arab empire being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings.^[7] In the modern era, most of the Muslim world came under European colonial domination. The nation states that emerged in the post-colonial era have adopted a variety of political and economic models, and they have been affected by secular as well as religious trends.^[8]

As of 2013^[update], the combined GDP (nominal) of 60 Muslim majority countries was US$5.7 trillion.^[9] As of 2016^[update], they contributed 8% of the world's total.^[10] In 2020, the Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation which consists of 57 member states had a combined GDP(PPP) of US$ 24 trillion which is equal to about 18% of world's GDP or US$ 30 trillion with 5 OIC observer states which is equal to about 22% of the world's GDP.

As of 2020, 1.8 billion or more than 25% of the world population are Muslims.^[11]^[12] By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, 91% in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA),^[13] 89% in Central Asia,^[14] 40% in Southeast Asia,^[15] 31% in South Asia,^[16]^[17] 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa,^[18] 25% in Asia, 1.4% in Oceania,^[19]^[20] 6% in Europe,^[21] and 1% in the Americas.^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]

Most Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni Islam (87–90%)^[26] and Shia (10–13%).^[27] However, other denominations exist in pockets, such as Ibadi (primarily in Oman). Muslims who do not belong to, do not self-identify with, or cannot be readily classified under one of the identifiable Islamic schools and branches are known as non-denominational Muslims.^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31] About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim-majority country;^[32] 31% of Muslims live in South Asia,^[33] the largest population of Muslims in the world;^[34] 20% in the Middle East–North Africa,^[35] where it is the dominant religion;^[36] and 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa and West Africa (primarily in Nigeria).^[37] Muslims are the overwhelming majority in Central Asia,^[38] the majority in the Caucasus,^[39]^[40] and widespread in Southeast Asia.^[41] India has the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries.^[42] Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, and Egypt are home to the world’s second, fourth, sixth and seventh largest Muslim populations respectively. Sizeable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas, Russia, India, China, and Europe.^[43]^[44]^[45] Islam is the fastest-growing major religion in the world partially due to their high birth rate,^[46]^[47]^[48]^[49]^[50] according to the same study, religious switching has no impact on Muslim population, since the number of people who embrace Islam and those who leave Islam are roughly equal.^[51] China has the third largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries, while Russia has the fifth largest Muslim population. Nigeria has the largest Muslim population in Africa, while Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in Asia.

^ Waldman, Marilyn R.; Zeghal, Malika (2009). "Islamic world". Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
^ Esposito, John L., ed. (2009). "Preface". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001. ISBN 9780195305135. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World (OEIW) deals with all aspects of Islam—the world's second largest and fastest-growing religion—and the societies in which it exists, including their religion, politics, economics, everyday life, culture, and thought
^ ^a ^b Afsaruddin, Asma (2016). "Islamic World". In McNeill, William H. (ed.). Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Berkshire Publishing Group. doi:10.1093/acref/9780190622718.001.0001. ISBN 9781933782652. The Islamic world is generally defined contemporaneously as consisting of nation-states whose population contains a majority of Muslims. [...] in the contemporary era, the term Islamic world now includes not only the traditional heartlands of Islam, but also Europe and North America, both of which have sizeable minority Muslim populations
^ Scott Carpenter, Soner Cagaptay (2 June 2009). "What Muslim World?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
^ Jones, Gavin W. (2005). Islam, the State and Population. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 11–14. ISBN 9781850654933. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
^ "Islam". HISTORY. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
^ Hassan, M. Kabir (30 December 2016). Handbook of Empirical Research on Islam and Economic Life. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781784710736 – via Google Books.
^ Lapidus, Ira M. (2014). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition). pp. 829–834. ISBN 978-0-521-51430-9.
^ "Economies of the ummah". Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
^ "Muslim countries make thin contribution to global economy". 22 September 2016. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
^ Lipka, Michael; Hackett, Conrad (6 April 2017). "Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
^ "Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project - Research and data from Pew Research Center". Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
^ "Region: Middle East-North Africa". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
^ "The Global Religious Landscape" (PDF). Pew. December 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015.
^ "Oxford Islamic Studies Online". www.oxfordislamicstudies.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
^ "Region: Asia-Pacific". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
^ Burke, Daniel (29 July 2016). "The moment American Muslims were waiting for". CNN. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
^ "Region: Sub-Saharan Africa". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
^ "Region: Asia-Pacific". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
^ Kettani, Houssain (2010). "Muslim Population in Oceania: 1950-2020". Pacific Data Hub Microdata Library. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023.
^ "Region: Europe". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
^ "Region: Americas". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
^ Kington, Tom (31 March 2008). "Number of Muslims ahead of Catholics, says Vatican". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 September 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2008.
^ "Muslim Population". IslamicPopulation.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2008.
^ "Field Listing Religions". Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2008.
^
* "Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population". Pew Research Center. 7 October 2009. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2013. Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.
- Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide Archived 16 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."
- "Sunni". Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2012. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam, comprising about 85% of the world's over 1.5 billion Muslims.
- "Religions". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2010. Sunni Islam accounts for over 85% of the world's Muslim population...
^
See
- "Shiʿi". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 4 October 2019. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019. In the early 21st century some 10–13 percent of the world's 1.6 billion Muslims were Shiʿi.
- "Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population". Pew Research Center. 7 October 2009. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2013. The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10%. Some previous estimates, however, have placed the number of Shias at nearly 15% of the world's Muslim population.
- "Shia". Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2011. Shi'a Islam is the second largest branch of the tradition, with up to 150 million followers who comprise around 10% of all Muslims worldwide...
- Roshandel, Jalil (2011). Iran, Israel and the United States. Praeger Security International. p. 15. ISBN 9780313386985. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020. The majority of the world's Islamic population, which is Sunni, accounts for over 85 percent of the Islamic population; the other 10 to 15 percent is Shia.
^ Benakis, Theodoros (13 January 2014). "Islamophoobia in Europe!". New Europe. Brussels. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2015. Anyone who has travelled to Central Asia knows of the non-denominational Muslims – those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.
^ Longton, Gary Gurr (2014). "Isis Jihadist group made me wonder about non-denominational Muslims". The Sentinel. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2015. THE appalling and catastrophic pictures of the so-called new extremist Isis Jihadist group made me think about someone who can say I am a Muslim of a non-denominational standpoint, and to my surprise/ignorance, such people exist. Online, I found something called the people's mosque, which makes itself clear that it's 100 per cent non-denominational and most importantly, 100 per cent non-judgmental.
^ Kirkham, Bri (2015). "Indiana Blood Center cancels 'Muslims for Life' blood drive". Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015. Ball State Student Sadie Sial identifies as a non-denominational Muslim, and her parents belong to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. She has participated in multiple blood drives through the Indiana Blood Center.
^ Pollack, Kenneth (2014). Unthinkable: Iran, the Bomb, and American Strategy. Simon and Schuster. p. 29. ISBN 9781476733920. Although many Iranian hardliners are Shi'a chauvinists, Khomeini's ideology saw the revolution as pan-Islamist, and therefore embracing Sunni, Shi'a, Sufi, and other, more nondenominational Muslims
^ "10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
^ Pechilis, Karen; Raj, Selva J. (2013). South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today. Routledge. p. 193. ISBN 9780415448512.
^ Diplomat, Akhilesh Pillalamarri, The. "How South Asia Will Save Global Islam". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Middle East-North Africa Overview". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 7 October 2009. Archived from the original on 28 January 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
^ "Region: Middle East-North Africa". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
^ "Region: Sub-Saharan Africa". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
^ Rowland, Richard H. "CENTRAL ASIA ii. Demography". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. 2. pp. 161–164. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
^ "Middle East :: Azerbaijan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
^ "The Many Languages of Islam in the Caucasus". Eurasianet. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
^ Yusuf, Imtiyaz. "The Middle East and Muslim Southeast Asia: Implications of the Arab Spring". Oxford Islamic Studies. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017.
^ "India invited as 'Guest of Honour' to OIC meet, Sushma Swaraj to attend". @businessline. 23 February 2019. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
^ "Book review: Russia's Muslim Heartlands reveals diverse population", The National, 21 April 2018, archived from the original on 14 January 2019, retrieved 13 January 2019
^ "Muslim Population by Country". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 9 February 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
^ "Islam in Russia". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
^ Whitehead, Nadia (25 December 2015). "A Religious Forecast For 2050: Atheism Is Down, Islam Is Rising". NPR. This growth has to do with the relatively young age of the Muslim population as well as high fertility rates.
^ "Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
^ "Main Factors Driving Population Growth". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
^ Burke, Daniel (4 April 2015). "The world's fastest-growing religion is ..." CNN. Archived from the original on 15 May 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
^ Lippman, Thomas W. (7 April 2008). "No God But God". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2013. Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions, while modifying some and rejecting others.
^ "The Future of the Global Muslim Population". 27 January 2011. there is no substantial net gain or loss in the number of Muslims through conversion globally; the number of people who become Muslims through conversion seems to be roughly equal to the number of Muslims who leave the faith

[1] Waldman, Marilyn R.; Zeghal, Malika (2009). "Islamic world". Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017.

[2] Esposito, John L., ed. (2009). "Preface". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001. ISBN 9780195305135. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World (OEIW) deals with all aspects of Islam—the world's second largest and fastest-growing religion—and the societies in which it exists, including their religion, politics, economics, everyday life, culture, and thought

[BEWH-3] Afsaruddin, Asma (2016). "Islamic World". In McNeill, William H. (ed.). Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Berkshire Publishing Group. doi:10.1093/acref/9780190622718.001.0001. ISBN 9781933782652. The Islamic world is generally defined contemporaneously as consisting of nation-states whose population contains a majority of Muslims. [...] in the contemporary era, the term Islamic world now includes not only the traditional heartlands of Islam, but also Europe and North America, both of which have sizeable minority Muslim populations

[4] Scott Carpenter, Soner Cagaptay (2 June 2009). "What Muslim World?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017.

[Jones-5] Jones, Gavin W. (2005). Islam, the State and Population. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 11–14. ISBN 9781850654933. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2017.

[6] "Islam". HISTORY. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.

[7] Hassan, M. Kabir (30 December 2016). Handbook of Empirical Research on Islam and Economic Life. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781784710736 – via Google Books.

[8] Lapidus, Ira M. (2014). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition). pp. 829–834. ISBN 978-0-521-51430-9.

[9] "Economies of the ummah". Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[10] "Muslim countries make thin contribution to global economy". 22 September 2016. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

[:0-11] Lipka, Michael; Hackett, Conrad (6 April 2017). "Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2018.

[pew1-12] "Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project - Research and data from Pew Research Center". Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.

[pewmena-13] "Region: Middle East-North Africa". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2012.

[14] "The Global Religious Landscape" (PDF). Pew. December 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015.

[15] "Oxford Islamic Studies Online". www.oxfordislamicstudies.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2017.

[16] "Region: Asia-Pacific". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.

[17] Burke, Daniel (29 July 2016). "The moment American Muslims were waiting for". CNN. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.

[pewssa-18] "Region: Sub-Saharan Africa". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2012.

[pewaspa-19] "Region: Asia-Pacific". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2012.

[20] Kettani, Houssain (2010). "Muslim Population in Oceania: 1950-2020". Pacific Data Hub Microdata Library. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023.

[peweur-21] "Region: Europe". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2012.

[pewame-22] "Region: Americas". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2012.

[23] Kington, Tom (31 March 2008). "Number of Muslims ahead of Catholics, says Vatican". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 September 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2008.

[24] "Muslim Population". IslamicPopulation.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2008.

[25] "Field Listing Religions". Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2008.

[Sunni-eb-26] * "Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population". Pew Research Center. 7 October 2009. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2013. Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.
Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide Archived 16 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."

"Sunni". Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2012. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam, comprising about 85% of the world's over 1.5 billion Muslims.

"Religions". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2010. Sunni Islam accounts for over 85% of the world's Muslim population...

[27] Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide Archived 16 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."

[28] "Sunni". Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2012. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam, comprising about 85% of the world's over 1.5 billion Muslims.

[29] "Religions". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2010. Sunni Islam accounts for over 85% of the world's Muslim population...

[Shia-27] See
"Shiʿi". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 4 October 2019. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019. In the early 21st century some 10–13 percent of the world's 1.6 billion Muslims were Shiʿi.

"Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population". Pew Research Center. 7 October 2009. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2013. The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10%. Some previous estimates, however, have placed the number of Shias at nearly 15% of the world's Muslim population.

"Shia". Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2011. Shi'a Islam is the second largest branch of the tradition, with up to 150 million followers who comprise around 10% of all Muslims worldwide...

Roshandel, Jalil (2011). Iran, Israel and the United States. Praeger Security International. p. 15. ISBN 9780313386985. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020. The majority of the world's Islamic population, which is Sunni, accounts for over 85 percent of the Islamic population; the other 10 to 15 percent is Shia.

[31] "Shiʿi". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 4 October 2019. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019. In the early 21st century some 10–13 percent of the world's 1.6 billion Muslims were Shiʿi.

[32] "Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population". Pew Research Center. 7 October 2009. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2013. The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10%. Some previous estimates, however, have placed the number of Shias at nearly 15% of the world's Muslim population.

[33] "Shia". Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2011. Shi'a Islam is the second largest branch of the tradition, with up to 150 million followers who comprise around 10% of all Muslims worldwide...

[34] Roshandel, Jalil (2011). Iran, Israel and the United States. Praeger Security International. p. 15. ISBN 9780313386985. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020. The majority of the world's Islamic population, which is Sunni, accounts for over 85 percent of the Islamic population; the other 10 to 15 percent is Shia.

[theod-28] Benakis, Theodoros (13 January 2014). "Islamophoobia in Europe!". New Europe. Brussels. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2015. Anyone who has travelled to Central Asia knows of the non-denominational Muslims – those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.

[Longton-29] Longton, Gary Gurr (2014). "Isis Jihadist group made me wonder about non-denominational Muslims". The Sentinel. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2015. THE appalling and catastrophic pictures of the so-called new extremist Isis Jihadist group made me think about someone who can say I am a Muslim of a non-denominational standpoint, and to my surprise/ignorance, such people exist. Online, I found something called the people's mosque, which makes itself clear that it's 100 per cent non-denominational and most importantly, 100 per cent non-judgmental.

[Kirkham-30] Kirkham, Bri (2015). "Indiana Blood Center cancels 'Muslims for Life' blood drive". Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015. Ball State Student Sadie Sial identifies as a non-denominational Muslim, and her parents belong to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. She has participated in multiple blood drives through the Indiana Blood Center.

[Pollack-31] Pollack, Kenneth (2014). Unthinkable: Iran, the Bomb, and American Strategy. Simon and Schuster. p. 29. ISBN 9781476733920. Although many Iranian hardliners are Shi'a chauvinists, Khomeini's ideology saw the revolution as pan-Islamist, and therefore embracing Sunni, Shi'a, Sufi, and other, more nondenominational Muslims

[pew2015countries-32] "10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017.

[33] Pechilis, Karen; Raj, Selva J. (2013). South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today. Routledge. p. 193. ISBN 9780415448512.

[34] Diplomat, Akhilesh Pillalamarri, The. "How South Asia Will Save Global Islam". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[35] "Middle East-North Africa Overview". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 7 October 2009. Archived from the original on 28 January 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2018.

[pewmuslim22-36] "Region: Middle East-North Africa". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2011.

[pewmuslim32-37] "Region: Sub-Saharan Africa". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2011.

[38] Rowland, Richard H. "CENTRAL ASIA ii. Demography". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. 2. pp. 161–164. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2017.

[39] "Middle East :: Azerbaijan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.

[40] "The Many Languages of Islam in the Caucasus". Eurasianet. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2019.

[41] Yusuf, Imtiyaz. "The Middle East and Muslim Southeast Asia: Implications of the Arab Spring". Oxford Islamic Studies. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017.

[42] "India invited as 'Guest of Honour' to OIC meet, Sushma Swaraj to attend". @businessline. 23 February 2019. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2019.

[43] "Book review: Russia's Muslim Heartlands reveals diverse population", The National, 21 April 2018, archived from the original on 14 January 2019, retrieved 13 January 2019

[pewmuslim122-44] "Muslim Population by Country". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 9 February 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2011.

[45] "Islam in Russia". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2022.

[NRP-46] Whitehead, Nadia (25 December 2015). "A Religious Forecast For 2050: Atheism Is Down, Islam Is Rising". NPR. This growth has to do with the relatively young age of the Muslim population as well as high fertility rates.

[47] "Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 2 February 2023.

[48] "Main Factors Driving Population Growth". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2018.

[49] Burke, Daniel (4 April 2015). "The world's fastest-growing religion is ..." CNN. Archived from the original on 15 May 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2015.

[USNewsLippman2-50] Lippman, Thomas W. (7 April 2008). "No God But God". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2013. Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions, while modifying some and rejecting others.

[Pew29-51] "The Future of the Global Muslim Population". 27 January 2011. there is no substantial net gain or loss in the number of Muslims through conversion globally; the number of people who become Muslims through conversion seems to be roughly equal to the number of Muslims who leave the faith

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