Petechiae, or small bruise-like markings, may occur in ITP
Specialty
Hematology
Frequency
50–100 per million (12-month risk)
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), also known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or immune thrombocytopenia, is a type of thrombocytopenic purpura characterized by a low platelet count in the absence of other causes, and accompanied by a red-purple rash called purpura.[1][2] It leads to an increased risk of bleeding.[1] ITP manifests in two distinct clinical syndromes: an acute form observed in children, and chronic conditions observed in adults. The acute form often follows an infection and typically resolves within two months, while chronic immune thrombocytopenia persists for longer than six months and its specific cause is unknown.
ITP is considered an autoimmune disease, as antibodies against several platelet surface structures (antigens) can be detected.
Diagnosis of ITP involves identifying a low platelet count through a complete blood count, a common blood test. However, since the diagnosis relies on excluding other potential causes of a low platelet count, additional investigations, such as a bone marrow biopsy, may be necessary in certain cases.
For mild cases, careful observation may be sufficient. However, in instances of very low platelet counts or significant bleeding, treatment options may include corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, anti-D immunoglobulin, or immunosuppressive medications. Refractory ITP, which does not respond to conventional treatment or shows constant relapse after splenectomy, requires treatment to reduce the risk of significant bleeding.[3] Platelet transfusions may be used in severe cases with extremely low platelet counts in individuals experiencing bleeding. In some cases, the body may compensate by producing abnormally large platelets.
^ abPietras, Nicole M.; Pearson-Shaver, Anthony L. (2022). "Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32965953.
^Rodeghiero F, Stasi R, Gernsheimer T, Michel M, Provan D, Arnold DM, et al. (March 2009). "Standardization of terminology, definitions and outcome criteria in immune thrombocytopenic purpura of adults and children: report from an international working group". Blood. 113 (11): 2386–93. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-07-162503. PMID 19005182.
Immunethrombocytopenicpurpura (ITP), also known as idiopathic thrombocytopenicpurpura or immune thrombocytopenia, is a type of thrombocytopenic purpura...
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pathways. Early purpura fulminans lesions look similar to traumatic skin bleeds or purpuric rashes, such as immunethrombocytopenicpurpura or thrombotic...
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Willebrand disease. Autoantibodies against Ib/IX can be produced in immunethrombocytopenicpurpura. Components include GP1BA and GP1BB. It complexes with Glycoprotein...
can be further categorized: caused by auto-immune disorders, for example Immunethrombocytopenicpurpura (ITP), and characterized by low platelet count...
indicated as a potential treatment for chronic idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenicpurpura (ITP). Romiplostim was designated an orphan drug by the U.S...
treatment of thrombocytopenia in people with chronic immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenicpurpura who have had an insufficient response to corticosteroids...
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the first four days of life. Immunethrombocytopenicpurpura (ITP), sometimes called idiopathic thrombocytopenicpurpura is a condition in which autoantibodies...
Sadler, J. Evan (2017-09-07). "Pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenicpurpura". Blood. 130 (10). American Society of Hematology: 1181–1188. doi:10...
(42%) versus the placebo group (26%). Immunethrombocytopenicpurpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks and destroys platelets...
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