Ili Rebellion East Turkestan National Revolution Three Districts Revolution
Date
(1944-11-07) (1946-06-26)7 November 1944 – 26 June 1946 (1 year, 7 months, 2 weeks and 5 days)
Location
Ili, Tarbagatay, and Altay districts in northern Xinjiang Province, Republic of China
Result
Independence of the East Turkestan Republic declared on 12 November 1944
Ceasefire and establishment of a coalition government between the East Turkestan Republic and Republic of China on 26 June 1946
Collapse of the coalition government on 12 August 1947 and resumption of independent governance in the former territories of the East Turkestan Republic
Belligerents
Republic of China
East Turkestan Republic Supported by: Soviet Union
Commanders and leaders
Chiang Kai-shek
Bai Chongxi
Ma Bufang
Zhang Zhizhong
Ma Chengxiang
Ma Xizhen
Han Youwen
Liu Bindi †
Osman Batur
Yulbars Khan
Masud Sabri
Elihan Tore
Ehmetjan Qasim
Abdulkerim Abbas
Saifuddin Azizi
Ishaq Beg
A. Polinov
F. Leskin
Units involved
National Revolutionary Army
100,000 Han and Hui Chinese (historically known as Tungani) infantry and cavalry[1]
Han Chinese 2nd Army (4 divisions)
Hui Chinese Muslim 5th Cavalry Army
Hui Chinese Muslim 42nd Cavalry Army
Hui Chinese Muslim 14th Cavalry regiment[2]
Pau-an-dui (保安隊, Pacification troops made up of Kazaks, Mongols and White Russians loyal to the Chinese Kuomintang)
East Turkestan National Army (Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Hui, Mongols, Sibe)
Thousands of Soviet Red Army troops
Casualties and losses
Total casualties unknown, many Chinese civilians killed in Ili alongside a number of Chinese soldiers
Total casualties unknown, heavy losses among Russian settlers fighting for the Second East Turkestan Republic, many civilian and military losses taken
v
t
e
Campaigns of the Chinese Civil War
Outline of the Chinese Civil War
First Phase (1927–1937)
Autumn Harvest Uprising
Encirclement campaigns
Long March
Resumption of hostilities (1945–1949)
Operation Beleaguer
Northeast China
Liaoshen
Huaihai
Pingjin
Yangtze River
Shanghai
Hainan
Guningtou
Wanshan
Aftermath
Xinjiang
Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
China–Burma border
Cross-strait conflict
The Ili Rebellion (simplified Chinese: 伊宁事变; traditional Chinese: 伊寧事變; pinyin: Yīníng Shìbiàn[3]) was a separatist uprising by the Turkic peoples of northern Xinjiang (East Turkestan) against the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China, from 1944 to 1946. The Ili Rebellion began with the East Turkestan National Revolution, known in Chinese historiography as the Three Districts Revolution (simplified Chinese: 三区革命; traditional Chinese: 三區革命; pinyin: Sān-qū Gémìng; Uyghur: ئۈچ ۋىلايەت ئىنقىلابى), which saw the establishment of the Second East Turkestan Republic. The leadership was dominated by Uyghurs but the population consisted mostly of Kazakhs.[4]
^Forbes (1986)
^Forbes (1986), p. 215
^Ildikó Bellér-Hann (2007). Situating the Uyghurs Between China and Central Asia. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 109–. ISBN 978-0-7546-7041-4.
The IliRebellion (simplified Chinese: 伊宁事变; traditional Chinese: 伊寧事變; pinyin: Yīníng Shìbiàn) was a separatist uprising by the Turkic peoples of northern...
Xinjiang, China, during the 20th century. He was one of the leaders of the IliRebellion of 1944, which led to the founding of the Second East Turkestan Republic...
part of its official name. It emerged from the IliRebellion in three districts of Xinjiang Province: Ili, Tarbagatay and Altay. It was initially backed...
in the region, culminating in their support of the IliRebellion in October 1944. The IliRebellion resulted in the establishment of the Second East Turkestan...
Look up ili, ílį́, iḻi, -ili, or ili- in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Look up illi, -illi, or illi' in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Ili, ILI, Illi...
marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Manchu alphabet. The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising or the Boxer Insurrection, was an anti-foreign...
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Sino-Soviet conflict (1929) Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang (1937) IliRebellion Justin M. Jacobs (2016). Xinjiang and the Modern Chinese...
Guerilla war in Ukraine Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953) IliRebellion First Indochina War Korean War East German uprising of 1953 Hungarian...
of Chinese Nationalist rule. On 11 November 1944, they launched the IliRebellion with the support of the Soviet Union. Elihan Tore was elected as President...
to other Central Asian countries and provinces of China. During the IliRebellion from 1944 to 1949, Uyghur forces butchered the livestock of the Chinese...
Soviet military assisted the Second East Turkestan Republic during the IliRebellion. The Mongolian People's Republic became involved in a border dispute...
fall of Tsar Nicholas II in the following year. The suppression of the rebellion was a deliberate campaign of annihilation against the Kazakh and Kyrgyz...
armies, while northwestern Sibe fought against the Kuomintang during the IliRebellion. After the Chinese Communist Revolution in 1949 established the People's...
General of Ili Reconquest of Xinjiang Republic of China Xinjiang Wars First East Turkestan Republic Second East Turkestan Republic IliRebellion People's...
clashed with the forces of the Second East Turkestan Republic during the IliRebellion. The first family was headed by Ma Zhanao. He had two sons, Ma Anliang...
Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-98278-2. Bunich, Igor (1994). Operatsiia Groza, Ili, Oshibka V Tretem Znake: Istoricheskaia Khronika. VITA-OBLIK. p. 88. ISBN 5-85976-003-5...
year. During the IliRebellion, the Soviet Union backed Uyghur separatists to form the Second East Turkestan Republic (ETR) in the Ili region while most...
Global Information
Republic of China
East Turkestan Republic
Soviet Union