8,905 (per US Census Bureau 2015)[8] – 15,000 (per ETGE estimate 2021)[9]
Saudi Arabia
8,730 (2018)[10]
Australia
5,000–10,000[11]
Russia
3,696 (2010)[12]
India
~3,500[13]
Turkmenistan
~3,000[14]
Afghanistan
2,000[15]
Japan
2,000 (2021)[16]
Sweden
2,000 (2019)[17]
Canada
~1,555 (2016)[18]
Germany
~750 (2013)[19]
Finland
327 (2021)[20]
Mongolia
258 (2000)[21]
Ukraine
197 (2001)[22]
Languages
Uyghur Äynu, Mandarin, Russian
Religion
Predominantly Sunni Islam
Related ethnic groups
Uzbeks[23] and other Turkic peoples; Tajiks[24]
Uyghurs
Uyghur name
Uyghur
ئۇيغۇرلار
Transcriptions
Latin Yëziqi
Uyghurlar
Siril Yëziqi
Уйғурлар
Uyghur IPA
[ujɣurˈlɑr]
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese
维吾尔
Traditional Chinese
維吾爾
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Wéiwú'ěr
Bopomofo
ㄨㄟˊ ㄨˊ ㄦˇ
Wade–Giles
Wei2-wu2-erh3
Tongyong Pinyin
Wéi-wú-ěr
IPA
[wěɪ.ǔ.àɚ]
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Chorba
Cut cake
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Joshpara
Laghman
Manti
Naan
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Tandyr nan
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Persecution of Uyghurs in China
China Cables
Civil Servant-Family Pair Up
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This article contains Uyghur text. Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined letters or other symbols instead of Uyghur script.
The Uyghurs,[note 2] alternatively spelled Uighurs,[27][28][29]Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia. The Uyghurs are recognized as the titular nationality of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwest China. They are one of China's 55 officially recognized ethnic minorities.[30] The Uyghurs are recognized by the Chinese government as a regional minority and the titular people of Xinjiang.
The Uyghurs have traditionally inhabited a series of oases scattered across the Taklamakan Desert within the Tarim Basin. These oases have historically existed as independent states or were controlled by many civilizations including China, the Mongols, the Tibetans and various Turkic polities. The Uyghurs gradually started to become Islamized in the 10th century, and most Uyghurs identified as Muslims by the 16th century. Islam has since played an important role in Uyghur culture and identity.
An estimated 80% of Xinjiang's Uyghurs still live in the Tarim Basin.[31] The rest of Xinjiang's Uyghurs mostly live in Ürümqi, the capital city of Xinjiang, which is located in the historical region of Dzungaria. The largest community of Uyghurs living outside of Xinjiang are the Taoyuan Uyghurs of north-central Hunan's Taoyuan County.[32] Significant diasporic communities of Uyghurs exist in other Turkic countries such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey.[33] Smaller communities live in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Australia, Russia and Sweden.[34]
Since 2014,[35][36] the Chinese government has been accused by various organizations, such as Human Rights Watch[37] of subjecting Uyghurs living in Xinjiang to widespread persecution, including forced sterilization[38][39] and forced labor.[40][41][42] Scholars estimate that at least one million Uyghurs have been arbitrarily detained in the Xinjiang internment camps since 2017;[43][44][45] Chinese government officials claim that these camps, created under CCP general secretary Xi Jinping's administration, serve the goals of ensuring adherence to Chinese Communist Party (CCP) ideology, preventing separatism, fighting terrorism, and providing vocational training to Uyghurs.[46] Various scholars, human rights organizations and governments consider abuses perpetrated against the Uyghurs to amount to crimes against humanity, or even genocide.
Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).
^"Geographic Distribution and Population of Ethnic Minorities". China Statistical Yearbook 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
^"Ethnic groups of Kazakhstan in 2009". www.almaty-kazakhstan.net. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
^Агентство Республики Каписью на 26,1% и составила 10098,6 тыс. человек. Увеличилась численность узбеков на 23,3%, составив 457,2 тыс. человек, уйгур – на 6%, составив 223,1 тыс. человек. Снизилась численность русских на 15,3%, составив 3797,0 тыс. человек; немцев – на 49,6%, составив 178,2 тыс. человек; украинцев – на 39,1%, составив 333,2 тыс. человек; татар – на 18,4%, составив 203,3 тыс. человек; других этносов – на 5,8%, составив 714,2 тыс. человек.
^"Чей Кашмир? Индусов,Пакистацев или уйгуров?". Retrieved 29 January 2023.
^"About The Uyghurs". East Turkistan Government in Exile. 4 March 2021. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
^"Total population by nationality". National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
^"Uyghur". Ethnologue. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
^"Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over: 2009–2013". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
^Hawkins, Samantha (18 March 2021). "Uighur Rally Puts Genocide in Focus Ahead of US-China Talks". Courthouse News. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
^"Uyghurs in Saudia Arabia".
^"Uighur abuse: Australia urged to impose sanctions on China". www.sbs.com.au. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
^"Перепись населения России 2010 года" [Russian census 2010]. Archived from the original on 1 February 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
^Kumar, Kumar (18 December 2016). "For Uighur exiles, Kashmir is heaven". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
^Uyghur (in Russian). Historyland. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^Gunter, Joel (27 August 2021). "Afghanistan's Uyghurs fear the Taliban, and now China too". BBC News. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
^"ウイグル族 訪れぬ平安... 日本暮らしでも「中国の影」". 読売新聞オンライン (in Japanese). 6 November 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
^Lintner, Bertil (31 October 2019). "Where the Uighurs are free to be". Asia Times. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
^Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (8 February 2017). "Census Profile, 2016 Census – Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Shichor, Yitzhak (July 2013). "Nuisance Value: Uyghur activism in Germany and Beijing–Berlin relations". Journal of Contemporary China. 22 (82): 612–629. doi:10.1080/10670564.2013.766383. S2CID 145666712.
^"Language according to age and sex by region, 1990-2021". stat.fi. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
^"Khovd Aimak Statistical Office. 1983–2008 Dynamics Data Sheet". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011.
^State statistics committee of Ukraine – National composition of population, 2001 census Archived 8 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Ukrainian)
^Touraj Atabaki, Sanjyot Mehendale (2004). Central Asia and the Caucasus: Transnationalism and Diaspora. p. 31. The Uighurs, too, are Turkic Muslims, linguistically and culturally more closely related to the Uzbeks than the Kazakhs.
^"Уйгуры и Таджики". dzen.ru (in Russian). 4 July 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
^Hahn 2006, p. 4.
^Drompp 2005, p. 7.
^Cite error: The named reference Merriam-Webster Uighur was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Uighur". CollinsDictionary.com. HarperCollins. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
^"Uighur | History, Language, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
^"The mystery of China's celtic mummies". The Independent. London. 28 August 2006. Archived from the original on 3 April 2008. Retrieved 28 June 2008.
^Dillon 2004, p. 24.
^"Ethnic Uygurs in Hunan Live in Harmony with Han Chinese". People's Daily. 29 December 2000. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2007.
^"Ethno-Diplomacy: The Uyghur Hitch in Sino-Turkish Relations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
^Castets, Rémi (1 October 2003). "The Uyghurs in Xinjiang – The Malaise Grows". China Perspectives (in French). 2003 (5). doi:10.4000/chinaperspectives.648. ISSN 2070-3449. "The rest of the Diaspora is settled in Turkey (about 10,000 people) and, in smaller numbers, in Germany, Australia, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Canada, the US, India and Pakistan."
^Brouwer, Joseph (30 September 2020). "Xi Defends Xinjiang Policy as "Entirely Correct"". China Digital Times.
^Davidson, Helen (18 September 2020). "Clues to scale of Xinjiang labour operation emerge as China defends camps". The Guardian.
^"China: Unrelenting Crimes Against Humanity Targeting Uyghurs | Human Rights Watch". 31 August 2023.
^Vanderklippe, Nathan (9 March 2011). "Lawsuit against Xinjiang researcher marks new effort to silence critics of China's treatment of Uyghurs". The Globe and Mail.
^Falconer, Rebecca (9 March 2021). "Report: "Clear evidence" China is committing genocide against Uyghurs". Axios.
^Chase, Steven (24 January 2021). "Canada urged to formally label China's Uyghur persecution as genocide". The Globe and Mail.
^Brouwer, Joseph (25 June 2021). "China Uses Global Influence Campaign To Deny Forced Labor, Mass Incarceration in Xinjiang". China Digital Times.
^Cheng, Yangyang (10 December 2020). "The edge of our existence". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 76 (6): 315–320. Bibcode:2020BuAtS..76f.315C. doi:10.1080/00963402.2020.1846417. S2CID 228097031.
^Raza, Zainab (24 October 2019). "China's 'Political Re-Education of Uyghur Muslims'". Asian Affairs. 50 (4): 488–501. doi:10.1080/03068374.2019.1672433. S2CID 210448190.
^Parton, Charles (11 February 2020). "Foresight 2020: The Challenges Facing China". The RUSI Journal. 165 (2): 10–24. doi:10.1080/03071847.2020.1723284. S2CID 213331666.
^van Ess, Margaretha A.; ter Laan, Nina; Meinema, Erik (5 April 2021). "Beyond 'radical' versus 'moderate'? New perspectives on the politics of moderation in Muslim majority and Muslim minority settings". Religion. 51 (2). Utrecht University: 161–168. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2021.1865616.
^McCormick, Andrew (16 June 2021). "Uyghurs outside China are traumatized. Now they're starting to talk about it". MIT Technology Review.
important role in Uyghur culture and identity. An estimated 80% of Xinjiang's Uyghurs still live in the Tarim Basin. The rest of Xinjiang's Uyghurs mostly live...
Uyghur may refer to: Look up Uyghur in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Uyghurs, a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia Uyghur language...
the Chinese government's treatment of Uyghurs as "severe human rights abuses" or crimes against humanity. Uyghurs are a Turkic ethnic group native to Xinjiang...
" all three of which the CCP believes the Uyghurs possess. The true reason for the repression of the Uyghurs is quite convoluted but some argue that this...
Xinjiang Uyghur (older spellings variously include Sinkiang Uyghur, Sinkiang Uygur, Sinkiang Uighur etc.) may refer to: Uyghurs in Xinjiang The Xinjiang...
Uyghur is a Turkic language with a long literary tradition spoken in Xinjiang, China by the Uyghurs. Today, the Uyghur Arabic alphabet is the official...
for its abuse of the Uyghurs. The government of China has committed an ongoing series of human rights abuses against the Uyghur people and other ethnic...
this area was shared between the Ganzhou Uyghurs and the Guiyi Circuit. By the early 11th century both the Uyghurs and Guiyi Circuit were conquered by the...
including Uyghurs, to establish small private companies for commodity transit, retail, and restaurants. A brisk cross-border shuttle trade by Uyghurs further...
writing the Uyghur language between 1965 and 1982, primarily by Uyghurs living in China. It was devised around 1959 and came to replace the Uyghur Cyrillic...
Uyghurs in Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Qazaqstandağy ūiğyrlar), or Uyghur Kazakhstanis (Ūiğyr Qazaqstandyktar), form the country's fifth-largest ethnic group...
defeated by the Tang dynasty, after which the Uyghurs defected to the Tang. Prior to this the Uyghurs had already shown an inclination towards alliances...
observed in the descendants of Uyghurs who immigrated from the Mongolian Plateau to the Gansu Province. After the Uyghurs accepted Islam as their state...
Uyghurs in Pakistan are a small community of ethnic Uyghurs who live in Pakistan that originate from Xinjiang, China. Some members of ethnic minorities...
Turki to Uyghurs. The use of the term Uyghur has led to anachronisms when describing the history of the people. In one of his books the term Uyghur was deliberately...
the Uyghur Khaganate in AD 840, ancient Uyghurs resettled from Mongolia to the Tarim Basin and northern parts of China. Ultimately, the Uyghurs became...
to as the "Xizhou Uyghurs" after the old Tang Chinese name for Gaochang, the "Qocho Uyghurs" after their capital, the "Kucha Uyghurs" after another city...
Uyghurs in Beijing are both first generation Uyghurs who arrived Beijing as of 2007; and second generation Uyghurs perceive themselves as Beijingers. During...
The Old Uyghur alphabet was a Turkic script used for writing Old Uyghur, a variety of Old Turkic spoken in Turpan and Gansu that is the ancestor of the...
media among Uyghur extremists. Some Uyghurs in Kashgar remember that the Hui army at the Battle of Kashgar (1934) massacred 2,000 to 8,000 Uyghurs, which causes...
(including both Uyghurs and Dungans) was about 7,000 people, according to contemporary Russian reports. Later, in the early 20th century, Uyghurs, Dungans and...
Uyghur Americans are Americans of Uyghur ethnicity. Most Uyghurs immigrated from Xinjiang, China, to the United States from the late 1980s onwards, with...
Uyghurs have participated in several jihadist battalion groups, some of which are believed to have connections with the Turkish government. Uyghurs in...
the descendants of a group of Old Uyghurs who fled from Mongolia southwards to Gansu after the collapse of the Uyghur Khaganate in 840, where they established...
between Hui Muslims and Uyghurs have arisen because Hui troops and officials often dominated the Uyghurs and crushed Uyghur revolts. Xinjiang's Hui population...
attackers. Although the attackers were ethnic Uyghurs,both Han and Uyghurs were victims. That year, six ethnic Uyghur men unsuccessfully attempted to hijack...
This is a list of notable members of the Uyghur ethnic group, primarily affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia. Kutlug Bilge Qaghan...
Uyghur is a Turkic language spoken mostly in the west of China. LIM:limitative case LMT:limitative case DV:direction voice PRN:pronominaliser SIM:similitude...
century, Altishahr, which means "Six Cities" in Uyghur, became the Uyghur name for the Tarim Basin. Uyghurs also called the Tarim Basin "Yettishar," which...
2002, the American government detained 22 Uyghurs in the Guantanamo Bay detainment camp. The last 3 Uyghur detainees, Yusef Abbas, Hajiakbar Abdulghupur...