Rocks from the Bishop tuff from California, United States, uncompressed with pumice on left; compressed with fiamme on rightThe caprock in this photo is the ignimbrite layer of the Rattlesnake Formation in Oregon.
Ignimbrite is a type of volcanic rock, consisting of hardened tuff.[1] Ignimbrites form from the deposits of pyroclastic flows, which are a hot suspension of particles and gases flowing rapidly from a volcano, driven by being denser than the surrounding atmosphere. New Zealand geologist Patrick Marshall (1869–1950) coined the term ignimbrite from the Latin igni- [fire] and imbri- [rain].
Ignimbrites are made of a very poorly sorted mixture of volcanic ash (or tuff when lithified) and pumice lapilli, commonly with scattered lithic fragments. The ash is composed of glass shards and crystal fragments. Ignimbrites may be loose and unconsolidated, or lithified (solidified) rock called lapilli-tuff. Near the volcanic source, ignimbrites often contain thick accumulations of lithic blocks, and distally, many show meter-thick accumulations of rounded cobbles of pumice. Ignimbrites may be white, grey, pink, beige, brown, or black depending on their composition and density. Many pale ignimbrites are dacitic or rhyolitic. Darker-coloured ignimbrites may be densely welded volcanic glass or, less commonly, mafic in composition.
^Le Maitre, R. W., ed. (2002). Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms. New York, United States: Cambridge University Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-511-06651-1.
Ignimbrite is a type of volcanic rock, consisting of hardened tuff. Ignimbrites form from the deposits of pyroclastic flows, which are a hot suspension...
The Campanian Ignimbrite eruption (CI, also CI Super-eruption) was a major volcanic eruption in the Mediterranean during the late Quaternary, classified 7...
Cerro Panizos is a late Miocene-age shield-shaped volcano consisting of ignimbrites, two calderas (a depression formed by the collapse of a volcano) and...
Pleistocene volcanic complex in Chile close to Bolivia, formed by an ignimbrite, several lava domes and stratovolcanoes and one maar. It is in the Chilean...
kilometres (43 cu mi)) Toconao ignimbrite. The Pujsa ignimbrite was erupted by La Pacana before the Atana/Toconao ignimbrites, and the Filo Delgado and Pampa...
ejected more than 340 cubic kilometres (82 cu mi) of rhyolitic Mamaku ignimbrite giving it a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 7. The eruption has been reinterpreted...
320 km3 (77 cu mi) of pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits (mostly ignimbrite) and 420 km3 (100 cu mi) of primary intracaldera material, equivalent...
produced more than 1,000 km3 (240 cu mi) of rhyodacitic-rhyolitic ignimbrite. The ignimbrite from this eruption forms the 10-to-1,350-metre-thick (33 to 4...
Ōhakuri Caldera) was formed in a paired single event eruption of Ohakuri ignimbrite and is located in the Taupō Volcanic Zone on the North Island of New Zealand...
; Best, Myron G. (1 August 2013). "The 36–18 Ma Indian Peak–Caliente ignimbrite field and calderas, southeastern Great Basin, USA: Multicyclic super-eruptions"...
(48 cu mi) of magma (500 km3 (120 cu mi) bulk volume) to produce the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption. Its Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) was 7 and it left a large...
recorded by sanidine. Two samples from ignimbrite visually closely similar to unit 1 or 2, the oldest ignimbrite units of the Lava Creek Tuff, have 40Ar/39Ar...
The Fish Canyon Tuff is the large volcanic ash flow or ignimbrite deposit resulting from one of the largest known explosive eruptions on Earth, estimated...
source of the dacitic Escorial ignimbrite, which is also known as the Corrida de Cori ignimbrite or Caletones Cori ignimbrite. Pulsed changes in the magma...
Cavazos-Álvarez; Gerardo Carrasco-Núñez (2020). "Anatomy of the Xáltipan ignimbrite at Los Humeros Volcanic Complex; the largest eruption of the Trans-Mexican...
Creek Caldera was found to be a match to the Peach Spring Tuff after an ignimbrite sample from within the caldera matched the phenocryst makeup and age of...
beyond the ignimbrite sheet likely forest fires and ash associated die back especially to the west. Valleys had been filled with ignimbrite, evening out...
volcanic sandstone. The ignimbrite displays zonation typical of welded ashflow tuffs and is a prominent ridge former. The ignimbrite was radiometrically dated...
Two major ignimbrites, the 5.6-5.8 mya Guacha ignimbrite with a volume of 1,300 cubic kilometres (310 cu mi) and the 3.5-3.6 mya Tara ignimbrite with a volume...
the source of the Incapillo ignimbrite, a medium-sized deposit comparable to the Katmai ignimbrite. The Incapillo ignimbrite was erupted 0.52 ± 0.03 and...
I included both a rhyolitic ignimbrite and a simultaneous Plinian dispersal of rhyolitic tephra fallout. The ignimbrite consisted of 9 separate packages...
was active during the Pleistocene, and was the origin of the Golygin ignimbrite at 443,000 ± 8,000 years old. The Kurile Lake caldera erupted 41,500 years...
Los Frailes is an ignimbrite plateau in Bolivia, between the city of Potosi and the Lake Poopo. It belongs to a group of ignimbrites that exist in the...
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