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Hypervalent molecule information


In chemistry, a hypervalent molecule (the phenomenon is sometimes colloquially known as expanded octet) is a molecule that contains one or more main group elements apparently bearing more than eight electrons in their valence shells. Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), chlorine trifluoride (ClF3), the chlorite (ClO2) ion in chlorous acid and the triiodide (I3) ion are examples of hypervalent molecules.

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Hypervalent molecule

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In chemistry, a hypervalent molecule (the phenomenon is sometimes colloquially known as expanded octet) is a molecule that contains one or more main group...

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Orbital hybridisation

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definitively excluding the role of d-orbital hybridisation in bonding in hypervalent compounds of second-row (period 3) elements, ending a point of contention...

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Octet rule

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attain this configuration in compounds. There are, however, some hypervalent molecules in which the 3d level may play a part in the bonding, although this...

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Sulfur trioxide

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violently with water to produce highly corrosive sulfuric acid. Hypervalent molecule Sulfur trioxide pyridine complex Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw,...

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Sulfur hexafluoride

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of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is a hypervalent molecule.[citation needed] Typical for a nonpolar gas, SF 6 is poorly soluble...

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Sulfur dioxide

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known to medieval alchemists as "volatile spirit of sulfur". SO2 is a bent molecule with C2v symmetry point group. A valence bond theory approach considering...

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Phosphorus pentachloride

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Gaseous and molten PCl5 is a neutral molecule with trigonal bipyramidal geometry and (D3h) symmetry. The hypervalent nature of this species (as well as...

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VALBOND

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used by many force fields, and allows the VALBOND method to handle hypervalent molecules and transition metal complexes. The VALBOND energy term has been...

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Triiodide

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iodine-atom. In the molecular orbital model, a common explanation for the hypervalent bonding on the central iodine involves a three-center four-electron bond...

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Hermann Staudinger

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fundamental contributions in polymer science. Beta-lactam Carbene Hypervalent molecule Polyoxymethylene Pyrethrin Triphenylphosphine phenylimide Heidegger...

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Georg Wittig

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rearrangement 2,3-Wittig rearrangement Directed ortho metalation Ate complex Hypervalent molecule Potassium tetraphenylborate Awards Otto Hahn Prize for Chemistry...

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Hypervalent organoiodine compounds

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These are the hypervalent organoiodines, often called iodanes after the IUPAC rule used to name them. These iodine compounds are hypervalent because the...

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Sulfur tetrafluoride

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3 pm and S–Feq = 154.2 pm. It is typical for the axial ligands in hypervalent molecules to be bonded less strongly. The 19F NMR spectrum of SF4 reveals...

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Square pyramidal molecular geometry

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of acetylacetone (2,4-pentanedione)). AXE method Square pyramid Hypervalent molecule Molecular geometry Spiro, Thomas G.; Terzis, Aristides; Raymond,...

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Fluorine compounds

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in the periodic table.) Lower-period elements, however, may form hypervalent molecules, such as phosphorus pentafluoride or sulfur hexafluoride. The reactivity...

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Chlorine pentafluoride

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in a large scale rocket propulsion system. Chlorine trifluoride Hypervalent molecule Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements...

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Lewis structure

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also be moved in the same way to create resonance structures for hypervalent molecules such as sulfur hexafluoride, which is the correct description according...

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Tetraethylammonium trichloride

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Tetraethylammonium trichloride (also known as Mioskowski reagent) is a chemical compound with the formula [NEt4][Cl3] consisting of a tetraethylammonium...

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Pentaphenylantimony

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phenyl groups all appear to be equivalent. This is probably because the molecule is not stable in shape and orientation of phenyl changes rapidly. Solid...

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Fluorine

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Noury, S.; Silvi, B.; Gillespie, R. J. (2002). "Chemical Bonding in Hypervalent Molecules: Is the Octet Rule Relevant?" (PDF). Inorganic Chemistry. 41 (8):...

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Atrane

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types of organic synthesis as an efficient catalyst. Stannatrane Hypervalent molecule Voronkov, Mikhail G.; Baryshok, Viktor P. "Atranes - a new generation...

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Trifluoromethylsulfur pentafluoride

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this compound is similar to that of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). On a per molecule basis, it is considered to be the most potent greenhouse gas present in...

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Iodine heptafluoride

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bipyramidal structure, with D5h symmetry, as predicted by VSEPR theory. The molecule can undergo a pseudorotational rearrangement called the Bartell mechanism...

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Disulfur decafluoride

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discovered in 1934 by Denbigh and Whytlaw-Gray. Each sulfur atom of the S2F10 molecule is octahedral, and surrounded by five fluorine atoms and one sulfur atom...

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Inorganic chemistry

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than predicted by the octet rule, as explained in the article on hypervalent molecules. The mechanisms of their reactions differ from organic compounds...

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Conjugated system

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p-orbitals with delocalized electrons in a molecule, which in general lowers the overall energy of the molecule and increases stability. It is conventionally...

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