Not to be confused with green hydrogen for energy storage.
Liquid hydrogen Tank at NASA Kennedy Space Center
Several methods exist for storing hydrogen. These include mechanical approaches such as using high pressures and low temperatures, or employing chemical compounds that release H2 upon demand. While large amounts of hydrogen are produced by various industries, it is mostly consumed at the site of production, notably for the synthesis of ammonia. For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid, and transported as such in cylinders, tubes, and cryogenic tanks for use in industry or as propellant in space programs. The overarching challenge is the very low boiling point of H2: it boils around 20.268 K (−252.882 °C or −423.188 °F). Achieving such low temperatures requires expending significant energy.
Although molecular hydrogen has very high energy density on a mass basis, partly because of its low molecular weight, as a gas at ambient conditions it has very low energy density by volume. If it is to be used as fuel stored on board a vehicle, pure hydrogen gas must be stored in an energy-dense form to provide sufficient driving range. Because hydrogen is the smallest molecule, it easily escapes from containers. Considering leakages, transport and production costs, hydrogen could have a Global Warming Potential (GWP100) of 11.6. Methane, for comparison, has a GWP of 34.[1]
^Sand, Maria; Skeie, Ragnhild Bieltvedt; Sandstad, Marit; Krishnan, Srinath; Myhre, Gunnar; Bryant, Hannah; Derwent, Richard; Hauglustaine, Didier; Paulot, Fabien; Prather, Michael; Stevenson, David (2023). "A multi-model assessment of the Global Warming Potential of hydrogen". Communications Earth & Environment. 4: 203. doi:10.1038/s43247-023-00857-8. Retrieved 2024-04-11.
Liquid hydrogen tanks for cars, producing for example the BMW Hydrogen 7. Japan has a liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage site in Kobe port. Hydrogen is liquefied...
gas emissions in 2021. Low-carbon hydrogen, which is made using SMR with carbon capture and storage (blue hydrogen), or through electrolysis of water...
storage (general) Chemical Biofuels Hydrated salts Hydrogen peroxide Power-to-gas (methane, hydrogenstorage, oxyhydrogen) Energy can be stored in water pumped...
A hydrogen infrastructure is the infrastructure of hydrogen pipeline transport, points of hydrogen production and hydrogen stations (sometimes clustered...
Underground hydrogenstorage is the practice of hydrogenstorage in caverns, salt domes and depleted oil and gas fields. Large quantities of gaseous hydrogen have...
principle. Liquid hydrogen is typically used as a concentrated form of hydrogenstorage. Storing it as liquid takes less space than storing it as a gas at...
as storage media for hydrogen. In principle, every unsaturated compound (organic molecules with C-C double or triple bonds) can take up hydrogen during...
psi) is used for mobile hydrogenstorage in hydrogen vehicles. It is used as a fuel gas. Compressed hydrogen is used in hydrogen pipeline transport and...
Hydrogen safety covers the safe production, handling and use of hydrogen, particularly hydrogen gas fuel and liquid hydrogen. Hydrogen possesses the NFPA...
A hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle that uses hydrogen to move. Hydrogen vehicles include some road vehicles, rail vehicles, space rockets, forklifts, ships...
reactive toward water, releasing gaseous hydrogen (H2). Some related derivatives have been discussed for hydrogenstorage. LAH is a colourless solid but commercial...
long-term energy storage. As of 2021, green hydrogen accounted for less than 0.04% of total hydrogen production. Its cost relative to hydrogen derived from...
widely regarded as an ideal energy storage medium, due to the ease with which electricity can convert water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis...
not commercially significant sodium hydride has been proposed for hydrogenstorage for use in fuel cell vehicles. In one experimental implementation,...
hydrogen content of any hydride. LiH is periodically of interest for hydrogenstorage, but applications have been thwarted by its stability to decomposition...
examined for use as a means of hydrogenstorage for fuel cell-powered electric cars and other purposed aspects of a hydrogen economy. Hydride complexes are...
achieving high-density hydrogenstorage at near-ambient conditions in lightweight, solid-state materials as adsorbents. Hydrogenstorage in carbon materials...
the storage and separation of gases such as hydrogen, methane, etc. Omar M. Yaghi and William A. Goddard III reported COFs as exceptional hydrogen storage...
2011 “HydrogenStorage Technology for the Hydrogen Economy” [permanent dead link]. “Iljin Composite”, KCR, Korea, accessed August 2, 2011 "Hydrogen Fueling...
Joó, Ferenc (2008). "Breakthroughs in HydrogenStorage-Formic Acid as a Sustainable Storage Material for Hydrogen". ChemSusChem. 1 (10): 805–8. doi:10...
began to collaborate on hydrogen solutions in the Japanese energy market, including utility-scale hydrogen energy storage, hydrogen generation and fuelling...
Information Center Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative Grid energy storageHydrogen reformer HydrogenstorageHydrogen technologies List of fuel...
tanks for a hydrogen-powered car. A current issue regarding hydrogen-powered vehicles is the on-board storage of the fuel. Current storage methods involve...
structure. It is a melting compound with the same composition and has hydrogenstorage capacity. LaNi5 has a calcium pentacopper (CaCu5) type crystal structure...
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