Global InformationGoguryeo information
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Goguryeo (Goryeo) 高句麗 (Korean) (Hanja) 고구려 (Korean) (Hangul) 高麗 (Korean) (Hanja) 고려 (Korean) (Hangul) Goryeo 句麗 (Old Korean) Korean alphabet: (구려) IPA-Notation: (kuɾ.jʌ̹) Yale: Kwulye (RR: Guryeo) | |||||||||||||
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| 37 BC[a]–AD 668 | |||||||||||||
| Motto: 천제지자 (천제의 자손) 天帝之子 "Son of God"[1] | |||||||||||||
 Goguryeo (Goryeo) in AD 476 | |||||||||||||
| Status | Kingdom/Empire | ||||||||||||
| Capital | Jolbon (37 BC – AD 3) Gungnae (3–427) Pyongyang (427–668) | ||||||||||||
| Common languages | Goguryeo (Koreanic), Classical Chinese (literary) | ||||||||||||
| Ethnic groups | Yemaek | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Buddhism (State Religion: AD 372), Confucianism,[2] Taoism, Shamanism | ||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||||
| King/Taewang | |||||||||||||
• 37–19 BC | Dongmyeong (first) | ||||||||||||
• 391–413 | Gwanggaeto | ||||||||||||
• 413–491 | Jangsu | ||||||||||||
• 590–618 | Yeongyang | ||||||||||||
• 642–668 | Bojang (last) | ||||||||||||
| Grand Prime Minister | |||||||||||||
• 642–665 | Yeon Gaesomun (first) | ||||||||||||
• 666–668 | Yeon Namgeon (last) | ||||||||||||
| Legislature | Jega Council | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | Ancient | ||||||||||||
• Establishment | 37 BC[a] | ||||||||||||
• Introduction of Buddhism in Korea | 372 | ||||||||||||
• Campaigns of Gwanggaeto the Great | 391–413 | ||||||||||||
• Goguryeo–Sui War | 598–614 | ||||||||||||
• Goguryeo–Tang War | 645–668 | ||||||||||||
• Fall of Pyongyang | AD 668 | ||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||
• 7th century[3] | approximately 3,500,000 (697,000 households) | ||||||||||||
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| Today part of | North Korea South Korea China Mongolia Russia | ||||||||||||
| Goguryeo (Korean: 고구려) Goryeo (Korean: 고려) | |
 Statue of Jumong at the Tomb of King Tongmyŏng in Pyongyang, North Korea | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 고구려 |
| Hanja | 高句麗 |
| Revised Romanization | Goguryeo |
| McCune–Reischauer | Koguryŏ |
| IPA | [ko.ɡu.ɾjʌ] |
| Alternative Korean name | |
| Hangul | 고려 |
| Hanja | 高麗 |
| Revised Romanization | Goryeo |
| McCune–Reischauer | Koryŏ |
| IPA | [ko.ɾjʌ] |
| Old Korean | |
| Hangul | 구려[4][5] |
| Hanja | 句麗 |
| Revised Romanization | Guryeo |
| McCune–Reischauer | Kuryŏ |
| IPA | [ku.ɾjʌ] |
| History of Korea |
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 Korea portal |
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| Monarchs of Korea |
| Goguryeo |
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Goguryeo (37 BC[a] – 668 AD) (Korean: 고구려; Hanja: 高句麗; RR: Goguryeo; Korean pronunciation: [ko̞.ɡu.ɾjʌ̹]; lit.: high castle; Old Korean: Guryeo)[7] also later known as Goryeo (Korean: 고려; Hanja: 高麗; RR: Goryeo; Korean pronunciation: [ko.ɾjʌ]; lit.: high and beautiful; Middle Korean: 고ᇢ롕〮, kwòwlyéy),[8] was a Korean kingdom[9][10][11][12] which was located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of modern day Northeast China. At its peak of power, Goguryeo conquered most of the Korean Peninsula and large parts of Manchuria, along with parts of eastern Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and modern-day Russia.[13][unreliable source?][14][15][16]
Along with Baekje and Silla, Goguryeo was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. It was an active participant in the power struggle for control of the Korean peninsula and was also associated with the foreign affairs of neighboring polities in China and Japan.
The Samguk sagi, a 12th-century text from Goryeo, indicates that Goguryeo was founded in 37 BC by Jumong, a prince from Buyeo, who was enthroned as Dongmyeong.
Goguryeo was one of the great powers in East Asia,[17][18][19] until its defeat by a Silla–Tang alliance in 668 after prolonged exhaustion and internal strife caused by the death of Yeon Gaesomun.[20] After its fall, its territory was divided between the Tang dynasty, Later Silla and Balhae.
The name Goryeo, alternatively spelled Koryŏ, a shortened form of Goguryeo (Koguryŏ), was adopted as the official name in the 5th century,[21] and is the origin of the English name "Korea".[22]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ 昔始祖鄒牟王之創基也, 出自北夫餘, 天帝之子, 母河伯女郞. 剖卵降世, 生而有聖□□□□. □命駕, 巡幸南下, 路由夫餘奄利大水. 王臨津言曰, 我是皇天之子, 母河伯女郞, 鄒牟王. 爲我連葭浮龜, 應聲卽爲連葭浮龜. 然後造渡, 於沸流谷忽本西, 城山上而建都焉. 不樂世位, 因遣黃龍來下迎王. 王於忽本東罡, 履龍頁昇天.顧命世子儒留王, 以道興治, 大朱留王紹承基業. , 국사편찬위원회〔사료 2-2-01〕 광개토대왕비 소재 주몽 신화
- ^ "Koguryo". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
- ^ 조상헌 (1997). 고구려 인구에 관한 시론.
- ^ 《汉书·地理志》：玄菟、乐浪，武帝时置，皆朝鲜、濊貉、句骊蛮夷。
- ^ 《享太庙乐章·钧天舞》：高皇迈道，端拱无为。化怀獯鬻，兵赋勾骊。
- ^ "Panorama of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea". Ministry of Foreign Affairs DPRK. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
- ^ "고구려(高句麗)". encykorea.aks.ac.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-06-25.
- ^ '고려의 국호 Institute of the Korean Language. 2023-02-04.]
- ^ "Koguryŏ | ancient kingdom, Korea". Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
- ^ Barnes, Gina (2013). State Formation in Korea: Emerging Elites. Routledge. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-136-84104-0.
- ^ Narangoa, Li; Cribb, Robert (2014). Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590–2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia. Columbia University Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-231-16070-4.
- ^ Wechsler, Howard J. (1979). "T'ai-tsung (reign 626–49) the consolidator". In Twitchett, Denis (ed.). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 3, Sui and T'ang China, AD 589–906, Part 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-521-21446-9.
- ^ "Goguryeo". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2019-04-14.
- ^ Kim, Hakjoon (1995). Rediscovering Russia in Asia: Siberia and the Russian Far East. Routledge. p. 303.
- ^ Bedeski, Robert (2021). Dynamics Of The Korean State: From The Paleolithic Age To Candlelight Democracy. WSPC. p. 133. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Matray, James (2016). Crisis in a Divided Korea: A Chronology and Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 7. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Roberts, John Morris; Westad, Odd Arne (2013). The History of the World. Oxford University Press. p. 443. ISBN 978-0199936762. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ Gardner, Hall (2007). Averting Global War: Regional Challenges, Overextension, and Options for American Strategy. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 158–159. ISBN 978-0230608733. Retrieved 15 July 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Laet, Sigfried J. de (1994). History of Humanity: From the seventh to the sixteenth century. UNESCO. p. 1133. ISBN 978-9231028137. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Graff200was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "디지털 삼국유사 사전, 박물지 시범개발". 문화콘텐츠닷컴. Korea Creative Content Agency. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- ^ Callahan, William A. (2012). China: The Pessoptimist Nation. Oxford University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-19-960439-5.
On the Korean side, Koguryo is central to national identity: the name "Korea" comes from this ethnic Korean kingdom.