Ancient Kingdom in southwestern Korea (18 BCE – 660 CE)
For the 10th-century kingdom also called "Baekje", see Later Baekje.
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Baekje
百濟 (Hanja) 백제 (Hangul)十濟 (Old Korean) Sipje[1][failed verification]
18 BC–660 AD
Approximate extent of Baekje during the reign of King Geunchogo in the 4th century.
Kingdom of Baekje
Vassals or Client states (chimmi darye and Tamna)
Capital
Wirye (18 BCE[2] – 475 CE)
Gomanaru/Ungjin (476–538)
Sabi/Soburi (538–660)
Common languages
Baekje (Koreanic), Classical Chinese, (literary)
Religion
Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shamanism
Government
Monarchy
King
• 18 BC – 28 AD
Onjo (first)
• 346–375
Geunchogo
• 523–554
Seong
• 600–641
Mu
• 641–660
Uija (last)
Legislature
Jeongsaam council
Historical era
Ancient
• Establishment
18 BC
• Campaigns of King Geunchogo
346–375
• Introduction of Buddhism
385
• Fall of Sabi
18 July 660 AD
Population
• 7th century
Approximately 3,800,000 (760,000 households) [3]
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Buyeo
Goguryeo
Mahan confederacy
Unified Silla
Today part of
North Korea South Korea
Korean name
Hangul
백제
Hanja
百濟
Revised Romanization
Baekje
McCune–Reischauer
Paekche
IPA
[pɛk̚.tɕ͈e]
Baekje or Paekche[5] (Korean: 백제; Hanja: 百濟; RR: Baekje, Korean pronunciation:[pɛk̚.tɕ͈e]) was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BC[2] to 660 AD. It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, together with Goguryeo and Silla. While the three kingdoms were in separate existence, Baekje had the highest population of approximately 3,800,000 people (760,000 households), which was similar to that of Goguryeo (3,500,000 people) and much larger than that of Silla (850,000 people).[3]
Baekje was founded by Onjo, the third son of Goguryeo's founder Jumong and Soseono, at Wiryeseong (present-day southern Seoul). Baekje, like Goguryeo, claimed to succeed Buyeo, a state established in present-day Manchuria around the time of Gojoseon's fall.
Baekje alternately battled and allied with Goguryeo and Silla as the three kingdoms expanded control over the peninsula. At its peak in the 4th century, Baekje controlled most of the western Korean peninsula, as far north as Pyongyang, and may have even held territories in China, such as in Liaoxi, though this view is controversial. It became a significant regional sea power, with political and trade relations with China and Japan.
Baekje was a great maritime power;[6] its nautical skill, which made it the Phoenicia of East Asia, was instrumental in the dissemination of Buddhism throughout East Asia and continental culture to Japan.[7][8]
In 660, it was defeated by the Tang dynasty and Silla, and was ultimately submitted to Unified Silla.
^"백제(百濟)". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
^ ab"Korea, 1–500 A.D." Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. October 2000. Archived from the original on 14 November 2015.
^ abChosun Education (2016). "[ 기획 ] 역사로 살펴본 한반도 인구 추이".
^Il-yeon (1281). Samgungnyusa.
^"Paekche". Encyclopædia Britannica.
^Ebrey, Walthall & Palais 2006, p. 123.
^Kitagawa, Joseph (5 September 2013). The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture. Routledge. p. 348. ISBN 9781136875908.
Baekje or Paekche (Korean: 백제; Hanja: 百濟; RR: Baekje, Korean pronunciation: [pɛk̚.tɕ͈e]) was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BC...
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Later Baekje (Korean: 후백제; Hanja: 後百濟; RR: Hubekje, Korean pronunciation: [hu.bɛk̚.t͈ɕe]) was one of the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea, along with Taebong...
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states, the Proto–Three Kingdoms period. From the 1st century BC, Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla grew to control the peninsula and Manchuria as the Three Kingdoms...
Chogo of Baekje (died 214, r. 166–214) was the fifth king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. According to the history compilation Samguk Sagi...
the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Silla had the lowest population...
Goguryeo and Baekje were two of the Three Kingdoms of Korea; both claimed descent from the ancient Korean kingdom of Buyeo. Onjo, the founder of Baekje, was said...
Biryu of Baekje (died 344, r. 304–344) was the eleventh king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the second son of the 6th king King...
Chimnyu of Baekje (died 385) (r. 384–385) was the fifteenth king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the eldest son of the 14th king...
Samgeun of Baekje (465–479) (r. 477–479) was the 23rd king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. According to the Samguk Sagi, he was the eldest...
Dongseong of Baekje (?–501, r. 479–501) was the 24th king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the son of Buyeo Gonji, the younger brother...
Jinsa of Baekje (?–392, 385–392) was the sixteenth king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the younger brother of the previous ruler...
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