Geological structure measurement by LiDAR information
Terrain measurement with light beams
Geological structure measurement by LiDAR technology is a remote sensing method applied in structural geology. It enables monitoring and characterisation of rock bodies.[1] This method's typical use is to acquire high resolution structural and deformational data for identifying geological hazards risk, such as assessing rockfall risks or studying pre-earthquake deformation signs.
Geological structures are the results of tectonic deformations, which control landform distribution patterns. These structures include folds, fault planes, size, persistence, spatial variations, and numbers of the rock discontinuities in a particular region.[1] These discontinuity features significantly impact slope stability, causing slope failures or separating a rock mass into intact rock blocks (rockfall).[2] Some displaced blocks along faults are signs of earthquakes.
Conventionally, geotechnical engineers carried out rock discontinuity studies manually. In post geological hazards studies, such as rockfall, the rockfall source areas are dangerous and are difficult to access, severely hindering the ability to carry out detailed structural measurements and volumetric calculations necessary for hazard assessment.[3] By using LiDAR, geological structures can be evaluated remotely, enabling a 3-D investigation of slopes with virtual outcrops.
LiDAR technology (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technique that obtains precise 3-D information and distance.[4] The laser receptor calculates the distance by the travelling time between emitting and receiving laser pulses.[4] LiDAR produces topographic maps, and it is useful for assessing the natural environment.
Useful Links
LiDAR
Strike and Dip
Related Disciplines
Geology
Remote Sensing
Portal
Earth Sciences Portal
^ abAbellán, Antonio; Oppikofer, Thierry; Jaboyedoff, Michel; Rosser, Nicholas J.; Lim, Michael; Lato, Matthew J. (2013-11-13). "Terrestrial laser scanning of rock slope instabilities". Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 39 (1): 80–97. Bibcode:2014ESPL...39...80A. doi:10.1002/esp.3493. ISSN 0197-9337. S2CID 128876331.
^Akturk, Emre; Altunel, Arif Oguz (2019). "Accuracy assessment of a low-cost UAV derived digital elevation model (DEM) in a highly broken and vegetated terrain". Measurement. 136: 382–386. Bibcode:2019Meas..136..382A. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2018.12.101. ISSN 0263-2241. S2CID 116823352.
^Sturzenegger, Matthieu; Willms, David; Pate, Kimberley; Johnston, Brent (2013). "Experience using terrestrial remote sensing techniques for rock slope performance assessment". Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Slope Stability in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth: 775–782. doi:10.36487/acg_rep/1308_52_sturzenegger. ISBN 978-0-9870937-5-2.
^ abHESS, MONA, "3D LASER SCANNING", Digital Techniques for Documenting and Preserving Cultural Heritage, Arc Humanities Press, pp. 199–206, doi:10.2307/j.ctt1xp3w16.19, ISBN 978-1-942401-35-3, retrieved 2020-10-06
and 27 Related for: Geological structure measurement by LiDAR information
GeologicalstructuremeasurementbyLiDAR technology is a remote sensing method applied in structural geology. It enables monitoring and characterisation...
Lidar (/ˈlaɪdɑːr/, also LIDAR, LiDAR or LADAR, an acronym of "light detection and ranging" or "laser imaging, detection, and ranging") is a method for...
different specialized magnetic compasses used by geologists to measure orientation of geologicalstructures, as they map in the field, to analyze and document...
used in the geological sciences as a data acquisition method complementary to field observation, because it allows mapping of geological characteristics...
surface structure. Areal roughness parameters are defined in the ISO 25178 series. The resulting values are Sa, Sq, Sz,... Many optical measurement instruments...
z direction [citation needed]. This range data can be supplied by techniques like LiDAR, laser scanners (using time of flight, triangulation or interferometry)...
investigation of the geological characteristics of the seabed and freshwater equivalents, and investigation of the geologicalstructure, strata, and sediments...
planetary body has a unique reference surface. Lidar Radar Stereo photogrammetry from aerial surveys Structure from motion / Multi-view stereo applied to...
stereoplotter has been replaced by more modern photogrammetric methods, digital and automated, as in the case of structure from motion. Lidar (light radar) has also...
science program that, from 2003-2018, used geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure and evolution of the North American continent...
looking over and detailed study of a subject. One meaning is the accurate measurement of a geographical region, usually with the intention of plotting the...
Dataset (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. 2009. Maceyka, Andy; Hansen, William F (2016). "Enhancing hydrologic mapping using LIDAR and high resolution aerial...
centimeters by letting snow fall into a container and then measure the height. The snow can then optionally be melted to obtain a water equivalent measurement in...
for interpretation and reproducible measurement of different geological features, e.g. orientation of geological surfaces, width and thickness of layers...
Plain Uplands of North and South Carolina Revealed by High-Resolution LiDAR Data. PDF version Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. v. 43...
volcanic materials from hyperspectral field and satellite data compared with LiDAR data at Mt. Etna". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and...
sensors attached to a platform. Sensors include cameras, digital scanners and lidar, while platforms usually consist of aircraft and satellites. In England...
particle sensor, electromagnetic & sonic wave measurement of dust, and short range LIDAR. GeologyGeological description of the landing site including interior...
concurrent deployment of both a polarimeter and Lidar instrument from an airplane (airborne measurements). The survey recommended intentional, early development...
surveillance methods were used by UNESCO to create an aerial picture of the site. Lidar, aerial photography, drones, and terrestrial laser scanning were all used...
make use of other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. One example is lidar, which uses predominantly infrared light from lasers rather than radio waves...
airborne photography and performs aerial LiDAR observations of the sites being studied. This is accomplished by slow flying aircraft surveying at 1,000...
be further assisted by employment of LIDAR on site in determining the exact landing position and other protective measures. Geology of Mars Mars carbonate...
active remote sensing instruments: Lidar: Lidar (light detection and ranging) uses a laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) to...
including the use of LDAR equipment and Light Detection and Ranging (“LiDAR”) technologies across their entire asset portfolio, inclusive of compression...
Frank G. (January 1, 1997). "Topography of the Moon from the Clementine lidar". Journal of Geophysical Research. 102 (E1): 1601. Bibcode:1997JGR...102...
under warming of 3 °C (5.4 °F). This is close to the current trajectory. LiDAR-based research had established in 2021 that 267 million people worldwide...