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1962: An Italian Gastarbeiter family in Walsum (This woman's husband is a miner working for the German Walsum Mines.)
Italian Gastarbeiter working in the coal mines of West Germany (1962)
Italian Gastarbeiter working in the coal mines of West Germany (1962)
Italian Gastarbeiter, a 'factory worker' in the Rhineland (1962)
Italian (Gastarbeiter) children in a school in Walsum (1962)
Gastarbeiter (German for 'guest worker'; pronounced[ˈɡastˌʔaʁbaɪtɐ]ⓘ; both singular and plural) are foreign or migrant workers, particularly those who had moved to West Germany between 1955 and 1973, seeking work as part of a formal guest worker program (Gastarbeiterprogramm). As a result, guestworkers are generally considered temporary migrants because their residency in the country of immigration is not yet determined to be permanent.[1]: 87 Other countries had similar programs: in the Netherlands and Belgium it was called the gastarbeider program; in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland it was called arbetskraftsinvandring (workforce-immigration); and in East Germany such workers were called Vertragsarbeiter. The term that was used during the Nazi era was Fremdarbeiter (German for 'foreign worker').[2] However, the latter term had negative connotations, and was no longer used after World War II.
The term is widely used in Russia (Russian: гастарбайтер, gastarbayter) to refer to foreign workers from post-USSR or third-world countries.[3][4]
^Surak, Kristin (2013). "Guestworkers: A Taxonomy". New Left Review (84): 84–102. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
^"Forced Labor – Terms". www.zwangsarbeit-archiv.de. 10 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
^Felperin, Leslie (1 July 2010). "Gastarbeiter". Variety. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
^"Beyond the gastarbeiter: the other side of post-Soviet migration". openDemocracy. 18 September 2012.
Gastarbeiter (German for 'guest worker'; pronounced [ˈɡastˌʔaʁbaɪtɐ] ; both singular and plural) are foreign or migrant workers, particularly those who...
was a football league in Germany for the football clubs of Yugoslav gastarbeiters during the twentieth century. The Jugoliga was founded in 1971. "Jugoslawisches...
countries, especially from the former East Bloc nations. Guest workers (Gastarbeiter) and their descendants, as well as refugees from the Yugoslav wars and...
and in the late 1950s and 1960s extra labour supplied by thousands of Gastarbeiter ("guest workers") provided a vital base for the economic upturn. This...
two-thirds of which were in West Germany, where they were known as Gastarbeiters. Significant numbers emigrated to Austria, Australia, Sweden and to...
Yugoslav workers to go to western Europe, especially West Germany, as Gastarbeiter ("guest workers"). The exposure of many Yugoslavs to the West and its...
government of West Germany to recruit South Korean nurses and miners as Gastarbeiter, which began in the final months of the Supreme Council. The costs were...
1950s, 1960s and early 1970s and extra labour supplied by thousands of Gastarbeiter ("guest workers", since the late 1950s) provided a vital base for the...
from the late 1940s until 1950 to the city. Economic migrants, called "Gastarbeiter", from Italy, and later Greece and Turkey but primarily from Yugoslavia...
describe areas of Germany in a need of eating potatoes like "potatosaxons". Gastarbeiter used the term "potatoeater" for Germans, while "spaghettieater" meant...
Thessaloniki. In summer, as well as for Christmas and Easter, so-called gastarbeiters working in West Germany, Austria and Western Europe would drive their...
Migrant workers in Russia, commonly referred to as Gastarbeiters (Russian: Гастарбайтеры, romanized: Gastarbaytery), form a significant part of Russia's...
strong connection with the United States and other Western nations, Gastarbeiter in German factories abroad, and immediate steps towards a free-market...
Maria Teresa. In the modern era, Albanian migrants came to Germany as gastarbeiter in the middle of the 20th century. They came to the country as Yugoslavian...
ISSN 0098-7921. JSTOR 2137600. Machini-Warnecke, Gabriella (2020). Italienische "Gastarbeiter" für die Landwirtschaft: Verlauf und Strukturen der Beschäftigung italienischer...
government of West Germany to recruit South Korean nurses and miners as Gastarbeiter. The costs of the nurses and miners sent to West Germany were largely...
Most people of Turkish descent in Germany trace their ancestry to the Gastarbeiter (guest worker) programs in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1961, in the midst...
generation of diaspora is collectively known as gastarbajteri, after German gastarbeiter ("guest-worker"), since most of the emigrants headed for German-speaking...
Train Station was an important distribution point for guest workers (Gastarbeiter) between 1960 and 1973. At peak more than 1,000 guest workers arrived...
game was derived from the original Rummikub after cultural contacts of Gastarbeiter in Germany.[citation needed] Okey is very popular in Turkey and among...
literature of non-colonial settings. The presence in central Europe of Gastarbeiter communities, for example, is not a result of colonialism. A number of...
Gastarbeiter,documentation of the symposium "Looking back to shape the future" (Cologne, 13 September 2014), Portugal-Post-Verlag 2014 Gastarbeiter Germany-Portugal...
1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s and extra labour supplied by thousands of Gastarbeiter ("guest workers") provided a vital base for the economic upturn. By the...
York: Mansell, pp. 88–106. Zirh, Besim Can (2008) "Euro-Alevis: From Gastarbeiter to Transnational Community." In: Anghel, Gerharz, Rescher and Salzbrunn...
called Gastarbeiter. In 1968, the FRG signed a guest worker agreement with Yugoslavia that employed additional guest workers. Gastarbeiter were young...
[citation needed] In 1961, the West German Government invited first Gastarbeiters and similar contracts were offered by Switzerland; some of these migrant...
importing workers ever since its post-war "economic miracle" through its Gastarbeiter program.) The Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union government...
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