Unitary presidential republic under an authoritarian military dictatorship
President
• 1963–1972
Park Chung Hee
Prime Minister
• 1963–1964
Choi Tu-son
• 1964–1970
Chung Il-kwon
• 1970–1971
Baek Du-jin
• 1971–1972
Kim Jong-pil
Legislature
National Assembly
Historical era
Cold War
• Established
17 December 1963
• October Restoration
17 October 1972
Currency
won
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Supreme Council for National Reconstruction
Fourth Republic of Korea
Today part of
South Korea
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The Third Republic of South Korea (Korean: 제3공화국; RR: Je sam gonghwaguk; lit. "Third Republic") was the government of South Korea from December 1963 to November 1972. The Third Republic was founded on the dissolution of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction that overthrew the Second Republic and established a military government in May 1961. Park Chung Hee, the Chairman of the Supreme Council, was elected President of South Korea in the 1963 presidential election.
The Third republic was presented as a return to civilian government under the National Assembly but in practice was a dictatorship under Park, Supreme Council members, and the Democratic Republican Party. The Third republic prioritized South Korea's economic development, anti-communism, and strengthening ties with the United States and Japan.
Park was re-elected in the 1967 presidential election, and the National Assembly forced through a constitutional amendment to allow him to seek a third term, and he was re-elected in the 1971 presidential election.[1][2] Park declared a state of emergency in December 1971 and announced plans for Korean reunification in a joint communique with North Korea in July 1972. Park launched the October Restoration in October 1972, declaring martial law, dissolving the National Assembly, and announced plans for a new constitution. The Third republic was dissolved on approval of the Yusin Constitution in the November 1972 constitutional referendum and replaced with the Fourth Republic of Korea.
^Yonhap (2004), p. 271.
^Nahm (1996), p. 423–424.
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