Global InformationAlevism information
| Alevism | |
|---|---|
| Alevilik | |
 | |
| Scripture | Quran, Nahj al-Balagha, Makalat and Buyruks |
| Leader | Dede |
| Teachings of |
|
| Theology | Haqq–Muhammad–Ali |
| Region | Turkey |
| Language | Turkish, Albanian, Azerbaijani, Kurdish, and Zazaki[9] |
| Liturgy | Cem, Sema |
| Headquarters | Haji Bektash Veli Complex, Nevşehir, Turkey |
| Founder | Haji Bektash Veli |
| Origin | 13th-century Sulucakarahöyük |
| Separated from | Sunni and Usuli Twelver theology |
| Other name(s) | Kızılbaşlık |
Part of a series on Nizari-Ismāʿīli Batiniyya, Hurufiyya, Kaysanites and Twelver Shī‘ism |
|---|
 Islam portal |
Alevism, Anatolian Alevism or Qizilbashism[10] (/æˈlɛvɪzəm/; Turkish: Alevilik, Anadolu Aleviliği or Kızılbaşlık; Kurdish: Elewîtî, Rêya Heqî;[11][12][13] Azerbaijani: Ələvilik, Qızılbaşlıq) is a heterodox[14] and syncretic[15] Islamic tradition, whose adherents follow the mystical Islamic teachings of Haji Bektash Veli, who is supposed to have taught the teachings of the Twelve Imams whilst incorporating some traditions from Turkish Shamanism.[16] Differing from Sunni Islam and Usuli Twelver Shia Islam, Alevis have no binding religious dogmas, and teachings are passed on by a spiritual leader as with Sufi orders.[17] They acknowledge the six articles of faith of Islam, but may differ regarding their interpretation.[9]
Originally one of many Sufi approaches within Sunni Islam; by the 16th century the order adopted some tenets of the Shia Islam, including a veneration of ʿAlī and the twelve imams, as well as a variety of syncretic beliefs. The Alevis acquired political importance in the 15th century, when the order dominated the Janissaries.[18]
The term “Alevi-Bektashi” is currently a widely and frequently used expression in the religious discourse of Turkey as an umbrella term for the two religious groups of Alevism and Bektashism.[19] Adherents of Alevism are found primarily in Turkey and estimates of the percentage of Turkey's population that are Alevi include between 4% and 25%.[9][20][21]
- ^ Procházka-Eisl, Gisela (5 April 2016). "The Alevis". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.101. ISBN 978-0-19-934037-8. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "Alevism-Bektashism From Seljuks to Ottomans and Safavids; A Historical Study". Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ Yildirim, Riza (2019). "The Safavid-Qizilbash Ecumene and the Formation of the Qizilbash-Alevi Community in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1500–c. 1700". Iranian Studies. 52 (3–4): 449–483. doi:10.1080/00210862.2019.1646120. S2CID 204476564. Retrieved 14 April 2023 – via www.academia.edu.
- ^ Mete, Levent (2019). "Buyruk und al Jafr Das Esoterische Wissen Alis" [Buyruk and al Jafr The esoteric knowledge of Ali]. Alevilik-Bektaşilik Araştırmaları Dergisi: Forschungszeitschrift über das Alevitentum und das Bektaschitentum [Alevilik-Bektaşilik Araştırmaları Dergisi: Research journal on Alevism and Bektashism] (in German). 19: 313–350. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ Karakaya-Stump, Ayfer (2019). "5 Mysticism and Imperial Politics: The Safavids and the Making of the Kizilbash Milieu". The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia: Sufism, Politics and Community. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 220–255. doi:10.1515/9781474432702-012. ISBN 9781474432702.
- ^ Karolewski, Janina (2021). "Adaptation of Buyruk Manuscripts to Impart Alevi Teachings: Mehmet Yaman Dede and the Arapgir-Çimen Buyruğu". Education Materialised. pp. 465–496. doi:10.1515/9783110741124-023. ISBN 9783110741124. S2CID 237904256.
- ^ Karakaya-Stump, Ayfer (2010). "Documents and "Buyruk" Manuscripts in the Private Archives of Alevi Dede Families: An Overview". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 37 (3): 273–286. doi:10.1080/13530194.2010.524437. JSTOR 23077031. S2CID 161466774.
- ^ [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
- ^ a b c "Alevis". World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples. Minority Rights Group. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ Karakaya-Stump, Ayfer (1 December 2019). The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia: Sufism, Politics and Community. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.001.0001. ISBN 978-1-4744-3268-9. S2CID 243158402.
- ^ Gültekin, Ahmet Kerim (2019), Kurdish Alevism: Creating New Ways of Practicing the Religion (PDF), University of Leipzig, p. 10
- ^ "The Alevis". www.guidetomuslimdiversity.com.au. Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
- ^ "elewîtî", Wîkîferheng (in Kurdish), 7 September 2020, retrieved 12 March 2023
- ^ KINGSLEY, PATRICK (22 July 2017). "Turkey's Alevis, a Muslim Minority, Fear a Policy of Denying Their Existence". The New York Times. New York Times. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
- ^ Selmanpakoğlu, Ceren (11 February 2024). The formation of Alevi syncretism (Thesis). Bilkent University.
- ^ Markussen, Hege Irene (2010). "Alevi Theology from Shamanism to Humanism". Alevis and Alevism. pp. 65–90. doi:10.31826/9781463225728-006. ISBN 978-1-4632-2572-8.
- ^ Tee, Caroline (29 January 2013). "The Sufi Mystical Idiom in Alevi Aşık Poetry: Flexibility, Adaptation and Meaning". European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey. doi:10.4000/ejts.4683. ISSN 1773-0546.
- ^ "Bektashiyyah | Religion, Order, Beliefs, & Community | Britannica".
- ^ "The Amalgamation of Two Religious Cultures: The Conceptual and Social History of Alevi-Bektashism". 12 May 2022.
- ^ "TR100". interaktif.konda.com.tr. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ Kızıl, Nurbanu (31 December 2021). "Govt signals action for Turkey's Alevi community amid obstacles". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 12 March 2023.