Female gametophytes of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
Gametophores are prominent structures in seedless plants on which the reproductive organs are borne.[citation needed][1] The word gametophore(more accurately gametangiophore) is composed of the greek ‘gamete-,’ referring (loosely) to gametangia[citation needed] and ‘-phore’ (Greek Φορά, "to be carried").[2] In mosses, liverworts and ferns (Archegoniata), the gametophores support gametangia (sex organs, female archegonia and male antheridia).[3] If both archegonia and antheridia occur on the same plant, it is called monoecious. If there are separate female and male plants they are called dioecous.
In Bryopsida the leafy moss plant (q. v. "Thallus") is the haploid gametophyte.[3] It grows from its juvenile form, the protonema, under the influence of phytohormones (mainly cytokinins).[3] Whereas the filamentous protonema grows by apical cell division, the gametophyte grows by division of three-faced apical cells.[3]
^Campbell, Neil A.; Reece, Jane B. (2008). Biology (8th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings. pp. 602–609. ISBN 978-0-8053-6844-4.
^Bryological Glossary
^ abcdReski, R. (1998). "Development, Genetics and Molecular Biology of Mosses". Botanica Acta. 111 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1998.tb00670.x.
Gametophores are prominent structures in seedless plants on which the reproductive organs are borne.[citation needed] The word gametophore (more accurately...
filamentous complex known as a protonema, which develops into a leafy gametophore, the adult form of a gametophyte in bryophytes. Moss spores germinate...
gametophore ("gamete-bearer") that is structurally differentiated into stems and leaves. A single mat of protonemata may develop several gametophore shoots...
a female plant. The antheridia and archegonia are borne atop special gametophore stalks called antheridiophores and archegoniophores, respectively. These...
on minimal Knop medium to induce differentiation and development of gametophores. For each plant, an overview (upper row, scale bar corresponds to 1 mm)...
umbrella-shaped gametophores with different morphologies. The radiating arms of female gametophores (left) protect archegonia that produce eggs. Male gametophores (right)...
gametes. antheridiophore In liverworts of the order Marchantiales, a male gametophore, a specialized, stalked structure that bears the antheridia. antherode...
patens, archegonia are not embedded but are located on top of the leafy gametophore (s. Figure). The Polycomb protein FIE is expressed in the unfertilized...
on minimal Knop medium to induce differentiation and development of gametophores. For each plant, an overview (upper row; scale bar corresponds to 1 mm)...
on minimal Knop medium to induce differentiation and development of gametophores. For each plant, an overview (upper row; scale bar corresponds to 1 mm)...
directly by spore germination). The adult stage is represented by leafy gametophore which is differentiated into rhizoids, axis and leaves. Rhizoids arise...
transitory stage in the life of a liverwort, from which will grow the mature gametophore ("gamete-bearer") plant that produces the sex organs. The male organs...
on minimal Knop medium to induce differentiation and development of gametophores. For each plant, an overview (upper row; scale bar corresponds to 1 mm)...
Marchantiales, the gametes are produced on specialized structures called gametophores (or gametangiophores). All vascular plants are sporophyte dominant, and...
protonema then produces the gametophore that is structurally differentiated into stems and leaves, one or more gametophores can be formed from a single...
released into the sea in strands of mucus in summer. The mature female gametophore has a carpogonium containing its genetic material and two hair-like trichogynes...
abortive; the "male" ones ultimately produce binucleate cells and become gametophores which infect host fish. Polypodium hydriforme displays many peculiar...
on minimal Knop medium to induce differentiation and development of gametophores. For each plant, an overview (upper row, scale bar corresponds to 1 mm)...
differentiate into buds rather than side branches. These buds give rise to gametophores (0.5–5.0 mm), more complex structures bearing leaf-like structures, rhizoids...
oogonia as separate structures, possibly adjacent. The presence of a gametophore bearing both an antheridium and an oogonium is considered a derived character...
postfire year and many in the second. If fire takes place in early spring; gametophores can develop in 4 to 5 months. If the fire takes place in the fall, colonization...
It is a dioicous moss, having antheridia and archegonia on different gametophores. Once the archegonia is fertilized the sporophyte generation begins to...
developing in three stages: the chloronema, caulonema, and finally the leafy gametophore. Unicellular spores are produced through meiosis by the sporophyte. In...
transitional stage in the life cycle of moss leads to the growth of gametophore which then develops into stems and leaves. Wind is an important distributor...
is the conspicuous bulb-like branches that harbour its reproductive gametophores. The sporophytic stage is characterized by rare, slightly exserted capsules...
Barattolo, F.; Romano, R.; Conrad, M. (2021). "Evidence of external gametophores in puzzling Late Triassic–Early Jurassic dasycladalean green algae"....
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