Close-up of a flower of Schlumbergera (Christmas or Holiday Cactus), showing part of the gynoecium (the stigma and part of the style is visible) and the stamens that surround it
Plant reproductive morphology is the study of the physical form and structure (the morphology) of those parts of plants directly or indirectly concerned with sexual reproduction.
Among all living organisms, flowers, which are the reproductive structures of angiosperms, are the most varied physically and show a correspondingly great diversity in methods of reproduction.[1] Plants that are not flowering plants (green algae, mosses, liverworts, hornworts, ferns and gymnosperms such as conifers) also have complex interplays between morphological adaptation and environmental factors in their sexual reproduction. The breeding system, or how the sperm from one plant fertilizes the ovum of another, depends on the reproductive morphology, and is the single most important determinant of the genetic structure of nonclonal plant populations. Christian Konrad Sprengel (1793) studied the reproduction of flowering plants and for the first time it was understood that the pollination process involved both biotic and abiotic interactions. Charles Darwin's theories of natural selection utilized this work to build his theory of evolution, which includes analysis of the coevolution of flowers and their insect pollinators.
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Plantreproductivemorphology is the study of the physical form and structure (the morphology) of those parts of plants directly or indirectly concerned...
paleobotany. Secondly, plantmorphology observes both the vegetative (somatic) structures of plants, as well as the reproductive structures. The vegetative...
flower, also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). Flowers consist...
glossary of plantmorphology. Botanists and other biologists who study plantmorphology use a number of different terms to classify and identify plant organs...
breeding system, or how the sperm from one plant fertilizes the ovum of another, depends on the reproductivemorphology, and is the single most important determinant...
from sequential hermaphroditism to dioecy.: 8 Hermaphrodite Plantreproductivemorphology "monoecious". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University...
those with separate male and female flowers on different plants. Plantreproductivemorphology Self-fertilization Autogamy Depression Eckert, C.G. (2000)...
3 outer) of the rush Juncus squarrosus Glossary of plantmorphologyPlantreproductivemorphology Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1827). Organographie végétale...
without fertilization, the animal equivalent of apomixis Plantreproductivemorphology – Parts of plant enabling sexual reproduction Bicknell, Ross A.; Koltunow...
pollination Hand-pollination Paul Knuth Hermann Müller (botanist) Plantreproductivemorphology Pollen DNA barcoding Polli:Nation Barrows EM (2011). Animal...
plants with concealed reproductive parts, mosses, liverworts, ferns, algae and fungi. Increasing knowledge of plant anatomy, morphology and life cycles led...
matter, which is then expelled from the body via the anus. The mare's reproductive system is responsible for controlling gestation, birth, and lactation...
JSTOR 1218032. Bell, Adrian D. (2008) [1991]. Plant Form. An Illustrated Guide to Flowering PlantMorphology. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-850-1...
fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells, also referred to as sex cells. The name gamete was introduced...
to botany and plants in general. Terms of plantmorphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plantmorphology and Glossary...
In botany, floral morphology is the study of the diversity of forms and structures presented by the flower, which, by definition, is a branch of limited...
pollination Hand pollination Paul Knuth Hermann Müller (botanist) Plantreproductivemorphology Pollination syndrome Pollinators Self-pollination Pickering...
was later formalised as the typological or morphological species concept. Ernst Mayr emphasised reproductive isolation, but this, like other species concepts...
particularly the plant hormones and the nitrogen source (nitrate versus ammonium salts or amino acids) have profound effects on the morphology of the tissues...
taxonomists. Most morphological evidence comparing traits such as number and arrangement of teeth and structure of the reproductive and waste elimination...
reproduction Reproductive system: testes – ovary – pregnancy Fish#Reproductive system Mammalian reproductive system Human reproductive system Mammalian...
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation are a collection of evolutionary mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes critical for speciation. They...
The stamen (pl.: stamina or stamens) is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively, the stamens form the androecium. A stamen typically...
Bulbous plant species cycle through vegetative and reproductive growth stages; the bulb grows to flowering size during the vegetative stage and the plant flowers...
April 1990). Functional morphology and biochemistry of reptilian oviducts and eggs : implications for the evolution of reproductive modes in tetrapod vertebrates...
Cretaceous. Bennettitales were amongst the most common seed plants of the Mesozoic, and had morphologies including shrub and cycad-like forms. The foliage of...
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