Fluocinolone acetonide is a corticosteroid primarily used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching.[citation needed] It is a synthetic hydrocortisone derivative. The fluorine substitution at position 9 in the steroid nucleus greatly enhances its activity. It was first synthesized in 1959 in the Research Department of Syntex Laboratories S.A. Mexico City.[2] Preparations containing it were first marketed under the name Synalar. A typical dosage strength used in dermatology is 0.01–0.025%. One such cream is sold under the brand name Flucort-N and includes the antibiotic neomycin.
Fluocinolone acetonide was also found to strongly potentiate TGF-β-associated chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, by increasing the levels of collagen type II by more than 100 fold compared to the widely used dexamethasone.[3]
Fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implants have been used to treat non-infectious uveitis. A systematic review could not determine with any confidence whether fluocinolone acetonide implants are superior to standard of care treatment for uveitis.[4] A fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant with the brand name Iluvien is sold by biopharmaceutical company Alimera Sciences to treat diabetic macular edema (DME).[5]
It was approved for medical use in 1961.[6]
^"Regulatory Decision Summary for Iluvien". Drug and Health Product Portal. Health Canada. 23 October 2014.
^Mills JS, Bowers A, Djerassi C, Ringold HJ (1960). "Steroids CXXXVII. Synthesis of a New Class of Potent Cortical Hormones. 6α,9α-Difluoro-16α-Hydroxyprednisolone and its Acetonide". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 80 (13): 3399–3404. doi:10.1021/ja01498a041.
^Hara ES, Ono M, Pham HT, Sonoyama W, Kubota S, Takigawa M, et al. (September 2015). "Fluocinolone Acetonide Is a Potent Synergistic Factor of TGF-β3-Associated Chondrogenesis of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Articular Surface Regeneration". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 30 (9): 1585–1596. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2502. PMC 5569386. PMID 25753754.
^Reddy A, Liu SH, Brady CJ, Sieving PC, Palestine AG (August 2023). "Corticosteroid implants for chronic non-infectious uveitis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023 (8): CD010469. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010469.pub4. PMC 10464657. PMID 37642198.
^"Real-world study shows long-term safety, efficacy of Iluvien in DME". Healio. 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2020-10-28.
^Fischer J, Ganellin CR, eds. (2006). "Tables of Structural and Functional Analogues: Systemic Hormonal Preparations". Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 485. ISBN 9783527607495.
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