Substance applied to items to slow burning or delay ignition
This article is about chemical flame retardants used in textiles, plastics and resins. For chemicals used to fight structure fires and wildfires, see Fire retardant.
Open-flame tests compare the flammability of untreated polyurethane foam (top) and an identical foam sample surface treated with a sandwich-like coating incorporating layered double hydroxides. By 90 seconds after ignition the untreated foam is completely consumed.
The term flame retardant subsumes a diverse group of chemicals that are added to manufactured materials, such as plastics and textiles, and surface finishes and coatings.[1] Flame retardants are activated by the presence of an ignition source and prevent or slow the further development of flames by a variety of different physical and chemical mechanisms. They may be added as a copolymer during the polymerisation process, or later added to the polymer at a moulding or extrusion process or (particularly for textiles) applied as a topical finish.[2] Mineral flame retardants are typically additive, while organohalogen and organophosphorus compounds can be either reactive or additive.
^Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2005). Environmental Profiles of Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for Low-Density Polyurethane Foam (Report). EPA 742-R-05-002A. Retrieved 2013-04-04.
The term flameretardant subsumes a diverse group of chemicals that are added to manufactured materials, such as plastics and textiles, and surface finishes...
Brominated flameretardants (BFRs) are organobromine compounds that have an inhibitory effect on combustion chemistry and tend to reduce the flammability...
igniting. By dilution: Some retardants release water and/or carbon dioxide while burning. This may dilute the radicals in the flame enough for it to go out...
insecticides, herbicides, nerve agents and flameretardants. OPEs have been widely used in various products as flameretardants, plasticizers, and performance additives...
their effectivity. A hydrated silica compound's effectiveness as a flameretardant is dependent upon the presence of chemically bonded transition metals...
spectrum herbicide, with additional uses as a compost accelerator, flameretardant and in industrial processes. It is a salt formed from ammonia and sulfamic...
commercial use of bromine. When the brominated material burns, the flameretardant produces hydrobromic acid which interferes in the radical chain reaction...
Chemical Flame-Retardant Alternatives for Low-Density Polyurethane Foam". United States Environmental Protection Agency. September 2005. "FlameRetardants Used...
phosphorus on the world market. Phosphorus compounds are used as flameretardants. Flame-retardant materials and coatings are being developed that are both phosphorus-...
magnesium hydroxide as a flameretardant include additives to cable insulation, insulation plastics, roofing, and various flameretardant coatings. Brucite,...
used for flame-retardant, polishing, catalyst, and niche ceramic applications, as well as magnesium hydroxide mainly used as a flame-retardant. It is one...
their compounds are used in alloys, biological agents, catalysts, flameretardants, glasses, optical storage and optoelectronics, pyrotechnics, semiconductors...
Retardant may refer to: Fire retardantFlameretardant This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Retardant. If an internal link...
add crispness to fruit and vegetables. Potassium alum is used as a fire retardant to render cloth, wood, and paper materials less flammable. Potassium alum...
used. One of the main applications of expandable graphite is as a flameretardant. When exposed to heat, expandable graphite expands and forms an intumescent...
Antimony trioxide is a prominent additive for halogen-containing flameretardants. Antimony is used as a dopant in semiconductor devices. Antimony is...
+ flagrare, 'to burn down') is subsonic combustion in which a pre-mixed flame propagates through an explosive or a mixture of fuel and oxidizer. Deflagrations...
sulfate has also been used in flameretardant compositions acting much like diammonium phosphate. As a flameretardant, it increases the combustion temperature...
of flameretardants in furniture are a result of powerfully-influential lobbyists representing the chemical industry. He claims that flameretardants are...
the United States. The proliferation of flameretardants, and especially halogenated organic flameretardants, in furniture across the United States is...
There are many different standards with regards to fire-resistant and flame-retardant properties of high-pressure decorative laminates. While different countries...
as flameretardant synergist in combination with halogenated materials. The combination of the halides and the antimony is key to the flame-retardant action...
borate esters. Boric acid is often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flameretardant, neutron absorber, or precursor to other boron compounds. The term...
used as the flameretardant additive in plastics, and in fabric based textiles as well. The widespread use of brominated flameretardants may be due to...
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