In molecular biology, the FasX small RNA (fibronectin/fibrinogen-binding/haemolytic-activity/streptokinase-regulator-X) is a non-coding small RNA (sRNA) produced by all group A Streptococcus.[1] FasX has also been found in species of group D and group G Streptococcus. FasX regulates expression of secreted virulence factor streptokinase (SKA), encoded by the ska gene. FasX base pairs to the 5' end of the ska mRNA, increasing the stability of the mRNA, resulting in elevated levels of streptokinase expression.[2] FasX negatively regulates the expression of pili and fibronectin-binding proteins on the bacterial cell surface. It binds to the 5' untranslated region of genes in the FCT-region in a serotype-specific manner, reducing the stability of and inhibiting translation of the pilus biosynthesis operon mRNA by occluding the ribosome-binding site through a simple Watson-Crick base-pairing mechanism.[3][4][5]
^Kreikemeyer, B; Boyle, MD; Buttaro, BA; Heinemann, M; Podbielski, A (Jan 2001). "Group A streptococcal growth phase-associated virulence factor regulation by a novel operon (Fas) with homologies to two-component-type regulators requires a small RNA molecule". Molecular Microbiology. 39 (2): 392–406. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02226.x. PMID 11136460. S2CID 20242213.
^Ramirez-Peña, E; Treviño, J; Liu, Z; Perez, N; Sumby, P (Dec 2010). "The group A Streptococcus small regulatory RNA FasX enhances streptokinase activity by increasing the stability of the ska mRNA transcript". Molecular Microbiology. 78 (6): 1332–1347. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07427.x. PMC 3071709. PMID 21143309.
^Liu, Z; Treviño, J; Ramirez-Peña, E; Sumby, P (Oct 2012). "The small regulatory RNA FasX controls pilus expression and adherence in the human bacterial pathogen group A Streptococcus". Molecular Microbiology. 86 (1): 140–154. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08178.x. PMC 3456998. PMID 22882718.
^Danger, JL; Cao, TN; Cao, TH; Sarkar, P; Treviño, J; Pflughoeft, KJ; Sumby, P (April 2015). "The small regulatory RNA FasX enhances group A Streptococcus virulence and inhibits pilus expression via serotype-specific targets". Molecular Microbiology. 96 (2): 249–262. doi:10.1111/mmi.12935. PMC 4390479. PMID 25586884.
^Danger, JL; Makthal, N; Kumaraswami, M; Sumby, P (1 December 2015). "The FasX Small Regulatory RNA Negatively Regulates the Expression of Two Fibronectin-Binding Proteins in Group A Streptococcus". Journal of Bacteriology. 197 (23): 3720–3730. doi:10.1128/jb.00530-15. PMC 4626899. PMID 26391206.
biology, the FasXsmallRNA (fibronectin/fibrinogen-binding/haemolytic-activity/streptokinase-regulator-X) is a non-coding smallRNA (sRNA) produced by...
1365-2958.2010.07427.x. PMC 3071709. PMID 21143309. Liu Z, Treviño J, Ramirez-Peña E, Sumby P (October 2012). "The small regulatory RNAFasX controls pilus...
Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single...
cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that assemble into 0.1–2 μm membraneless organelles when the cell is under stress. The mRNA molecules found in stress granules...
via alternative splicing is regulated by the cytotoxic RNA binding protein TIA1. The mature Fas protein has 319 amino acids, has a predicted molecular...
FAS-associated death domain protein, also called MORT1, is encoded by the FADD gene on the 11q13.3 region of chromosome 11 in humans. FADD is an adaptor...
syndrome (FAS) required for diagnosis include: Growth deficiency or failure to thrive: slow fetal growth low birth weight or height, small head circumference...
RNA-binding motif 10 is a protein that is encoded by the RBM10 gene. This gene maps on the X chromosome at Xp11.23 in humans. RBM10 is a regulator of alternative...
RNA-helicase; mutants for this gene are hypervirulent. Also, hyp is involved in post transcriptional control of virulence-related genes, maybe on fas...
controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence. The function of TFs is to regulate—turn...
role in intercellular communication and can transport molecules such as mRNA, miRNA, and proteins between cells. Though initially dismissed as cellular debris...
influence of novel |noncoding RNAs]], such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), on cellular function. miRNAs regulate gene expression by...
cells and removed from normal cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) are synthetic antisense oligonucleotides to the mRNA of the gene of interest that works...
RNA molecules and then disrupt the proper folding of RNAs, such as tRNA/mRNA/lncRNA folding and miRNA binding recognition regions. Single nucleotide variant...
antisense, some of which might be degraded in areas to produce si-like smallRNAs. Some transcripts that originate centromeric to the D4Z4 repeat array...
Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUMO1 gene. This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the SUMO...
gregaria) [5-8]. The CSP structure is highly flexible. CSPs are characterized by RNA editing and/or post-translational modifications as discovered in the silkworm...
(2015). "GW4064, an Agonist of Farnesoid X Receptor, Represses CYP3A4 Expression in Human Hepatocytes by Inducing Small Heterodimer Partner Expression". Drug...
telomerase RNA component (TERC), comprises the most important unit of the telomerase complex. Telomerases are part of a distinct subgroup of RNA-dependent...
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